Sync to upstream/release/651 (#1513)

### What's New?

* Fragment Autocomplete: a new API allows for type checking a small
fragment of code against an existing file, significantly speeding up
autocomplete performance in large files.

### New Solver

* E-Graphs have landed: this is an ongoing approach to make the new type
solver simplify types in a more consistent and principled manner, based
on similar work (see: https://egraphs-good.github.io/).
* Adds support for exporting / local user type functions (previously
they were always exported).
* Fixes a set of bugs in which the new solver will fail to complete
inference for simple expressions with just literals and operators.

### General Updates
* Requiring a path with a ".lua" or ".luau" extension will now have a
bespoke error suggesting to remove said extension.
* Fixes a bug in which whether two `Luau::Symbol`s are equal depends on
whether the new solver is enabled.

---

Internal Contributors:

Co-authored-by: Aaron Weiss <aaronweiss@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Andy Friesen <afriesen@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: David Cope <dcope@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Hunter Goldstein <hgoldstein@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Varun Saini <vsaini@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Vighnesh Vijay <vvijay@roblox.com>
Co-authored-by: Vyacheslav Egorov <vegorov@roblox.com>

Analysis/include/Luau/Autocomplete.h

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 // This file is part of the Luau programming language and is licensed under MIT License; see LICENSE.txt for details
 #pragma once
 
+#include "Luau/AutocompleteTypes.h"
 #include "Luau/Location.h"
 #include "Luau/Type.h"
 
-#include <unordered_map>
 #include <string>
 #include <memory>
 #include <optional>
@@ -16,90 +16,8 @@ struct Frontend;
 struct SourceModule;
 struct Module;
 struct TypeChecker;
-
+struct FileResolver;
-using ModulePtr = std::shared_ptr<Module>;
-
-enum class AutocompleteContext
-{
-    Unknown,
-    Expression,
-    Statement,
-    Property,
-    Type,
-    Keyword,
-    String,
-};
-
-enum class AutocompleteEntryKind
-{
-    Property,
-    Binding,
-    Keyword,
-    String,
-    Type,
-    Module,
-    GeneratedFunction,
-    RequirePath,
-};
-
-enum class ParenthesesRecommendation
-{
-    None,
-    CursorAfter,
-    CursorInside,
-};
-
-enum class TypeCorrectKind
-{
-    None,
-    Correct,
-    CorrectFunctionResult,
-};
-
-struct AutocompleteEntry
-{
-    AutocompleteEntryKind kind = AutocompleteEntryKind::Property;
-    // Nullopt if kind is Keyword
-    std::optional<TypeId> type = std::nullopt;
-    bool deprecated = false;
-    // Only meaningful if kind is Property.
-    bool wrongIndexType = false;
-    // Set if this suggestion matches the type expected in the context
-    TypeCorrectKind typeCorrect = TypeCorrectKind::None;
-
-    std::optional<const ClassType*> containingClass = std::nullopt;
-    std::optional<const Property*> prop = std::nullopt;
-    std::optional<std::string> documentationSymbol = std::nullopt;
-    Tags tags;
-    ParenthesesRecommendation parens = ParenthesesRecommendation::None;
-    std::optional<std::string> insertText;
-
-    // Only meaningful if kind is Property.
-    bool indexedWithSelf = false;
-};
-
-using AutocompleteEntryMap = std::unordered_map<std::string, AutocompleteEntry>;
-struct AutocompleteResult
-{
-    AutocompleteEntryMap entryMap;
-    std::vector<AstNode*> ancestry;
-    AutocompleteContext context = AutocompleteContext::Unknown;
-
-    AutocompleteResult() = default;
-    AutocompleteResult(AutocompleteEntryMap entryMap, std::vector<AstNode*> ancestry, AutocompleteContext context)
-        : entryMap(std::move(entryMap))
-        , ancestry(std::move(ancestry))
-        , context(context)
-    {
-    }
-};
-
-using ModuleName = std::string;
-using StringCompletionCallback =
-    std::function<std::optional<AutocompleteEntryMap>(std::string tag, std::optional<const ClassType*> ctx, std::optional<std::string> contents)>;
 
 AutocompleteResult autocomplete(Frontend& frontend, const ModuleName& moduleName, Position position, StringCompletionCallback callback);
 
-constexpr char kGeneratedAnonymousFunctionEntryName[] = "function (anonymous autofilled)";
-
 } // namespace Luau

Analysis/include/Luau/AutocompleteTypes.h

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+// This file is part of the Luau programming language and is licensed under MIT License; see LICENSE.txt for details
+#pragma once
+
+#include "Luau/Ast.h"
+#include "Luau/Type.h"
+
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+namespace Luau
+{
+
+enum class AutocompleteContext
+{
+    Unknown,
+    Expression,
+    Statement,
+    Property,
+    Type,
+    Keyword,
+    String,
+};
+
+enum class AutocompleteEntryKind
+{
+    Property,
+    Binding,
+    Keyword,
+    String,
+    Type,
+    Module,
+    GeneratedFunction,
+    RequirePath,
+};
+
+enum class ParenthesesRecommendation
+{
+    None,
+    CursorAfter,
+    CursorInside,
+};
+
+enum class TypeCorrectKind
+{
+    None,
+    Correct,
+    CorrectFunctionResult,
+};
+
+struct AutocompleteEntry
+{
+    AutocompleteEntryKind kind = AutocompleteEntryKind::Property;
+    // Nullopt if kind is Keyword
+    std::optional<TypeId> type = std::nullopt;
+    bool deprecated = false;
+    // Only meaningful if kind is Property.
+    bool wrongIndexType = false;
+    // Set if this suggestion matches the type expected in the context
+    TypeCorrectKind typeCorrect = TypeCorrectKind::None;
+
+    std::optional<const ClassType*> containingClass = std::nullopt;
+    std::optional<const Property*> prop = std::nullopt;
+    std::optional<std::string> documentationSymbol = std::nullopt;
+    Tags tags;
+    ParenthesesRecommendation parens = ParenthesesRecommendation::None;
+    std::optional<std::string> insertText;
+
+    // Only meaningful if kind is Property.
+    bool indexedWithSelf = false;
+};
+
+using AutocompleteEntryMap = std::unordered_map<std::string, AutocompleteEntry>;
+struct AutocompleteResult
+{
+    AutocompleteEntryMap entryMap;
+    std::vector<AstNode*> ancestry;
+    AutocompleteContext context = AutocompleteContext::Unknown;
+
+    AutocompleteResult() = default;
+    AutocompleteResult(AutocompleteEntryMap entryMap, std::vector<AstNode*> ancestry, AutocompleteContext context)
+        : entryMap(std::move(entryMap))
+        , ancestry(std::move(ancestry))
+        , context(context)
+    {
+    }
+};
+
+using StringCompletionCallback =
+    std::function<std::optional<AutocompleteEntryMap>(std::string tag, std::optional<const ClassType*> ctx, std::optional<std::string> contents)>;
+
+constexpr char kGeneratedAnonymousFunctionEntryName[] = "function (anonymous autofilled)";
+
+} // namespace Luau

Analysis/include/Luau/ConstraintGenerator.h

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "Luau/Constraint.h"
 #include "Luau/ControlFlow.h"
 #include "Luau/DataFlowGraph.h"
+#include "Luau/EqSatSimplification.h"
 #include "Luau/InsertionOrderedMap.h"
 #include "Luau/Module.h"
 #include "Luau/ModuleResolver.h"
@@ -15,7 +16,6 @@
 #include "Luau/TypeFwd.h"
 #include "Luau/TypeUtils.h"
 #include "Luau/Variant.h"
-#include "Luau/Normalize.h"
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <vector>
@@ -109,6 +109,9 @@ struct ConstraintGenerator
 
     // Needed to be able to enable error-suppression preservation for immediate refinements.
     NotNull<Normalizer> normalizer;
+
+    NotNull<Simplifier> simplifier;
+
     // Needed to register all available type functions for execution at later stages.
     NotNull<TypeFunctionRuntime> typeFunctionRuntime;
     // Needed to resolve modules to make 'require' import types properly.
@@ -128,6 +131,7 @@ struct ConstraintGenerator
     ConstraintGenerator(
         ModulePtr module,
         NotNull<Normalizer> normalizer,
+        NotNull<Simplifier> simplifier,
         NotNull<TypeFunctionRuntime> typeFunctionRuntime,
         NotNull<ModuleResolver> moduleResolver,
         NotNull<BuiltinTypes> builtinTypes,
@@ -405,6 +409,7 @@ private:
     TypeId makeUnion(const ScopePtr& scope, Location location, TypeId lhs, TypeId rhs);
     // make an intersect type function of these two types
     TypeId makeIntersect(const ScopePtr& scope, Location location, TypeId lhs, TypeId rhs);
+    void prepopulateGlobalScopeForFragmentTypecheck(const ScopePtr& globalScope, const ScopePtr& resumeScope, AstStatBlock* program);
 
     /** Scan the program for global definitions.
      *
@@ -435,6 +440,8 @@ private:
         const ScopePtr& scope,
         Location location
     );
+
+    TypeId simplifyUnion(const ScopePtr& scope, Location location, TypeId left, TypeId right);
 };
 
 /** Borrow a vector of pointers from a vector of owning pointers to constraints.

Analysis/include/Luau/ConstraintSolver.h

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "Luau/Constraint.h"
 #include "Luau/DataFlowGraph.h"
 #include "Luau/DenseHash.h"
+#include "Luau/EqSatSimplification.h"
 #include "Luau/Error.h"
 #include "Luau/Location.h"
 #include "Luau/Module.h"
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ struct ConstraintSolver
     NotNull<BuiltinTypes> builtinTypes;
     InternalErrorReporter iceReporter;
     NotNull<Normalizer> normalizer;
+    NotNull<Simplifier> simplifier;
     NotNull<TypeFunctionRuntime> typeFunctionRuntime;
     // The entire set of constraints that the solver is trying to resolve.
     std::vector<NotNull<Constraint>> constraints;
@@ -117,6 +119,7 @@ struct ConstraintSolver
 
     explicit ConstraintSolver(
         NotNull<Normalizer> normalizer,
+        NotNull<Simplifier> simplifier,
         NotNull<TypeFunctionRuntime> typeFunctionRuntime,
         NotNull<Scope> rootScope,
         std::vector<NotNull<Constraint>> constraints,
@@ -384,6 +387,10 @@ public:
      **/
     void reproduceConstraints(NotNull<Scope> scope, const Location& location, const Substitution& subst);
 
+    TypeId simplifyIntersection(NotNull<Scope> scope, Location location, TypeId left, TypeId right);
+    TypeId simplifyIntersection(NotNull<Scope> scope, Location location, std::set<TypeId> parts);
+    TypeId simplifyUnion(NotNull<Scope> scope, Location location, TypeId left, TypeId right);
+
     TypeId errorRecoveryType() const;
     TypePackId errorRecoveryTypePack() const;
 

Analysis/include/Luau/EqSatSimplification.h

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// This file is part of the Luau programming language and is licensed under MIT License; see LICENSE.txt for details
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "Luau/TypeFwd.h"
+#include "Luau/NotNull.h"
+#include "Luau/DenseHash.h"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <optional>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Luau
+{
+struct TypeArena;
+}
+
+// The EqSat stuff is pretty template heavy, so we go to some lengths to prevent
+// the complexity from leaking outside its implementation sources.
+namespace Luau::EqSatSimplification
+{
+
+struct Simplifier;
+
+using SimplifierPtr = std::unique_ptr<Simplifier, void (*)(Simplifier*)>;
+
+SimplifierPtr newSimplifier(NotNull<TypeArena> arena, NotNull<BuiltinTypes> builtinTypes);
+
+} // namespace Luau::EqSatSimplification
+
+namespace Luau
+{
+
+struct EqSatSimplificationResult
+{
+    TypeId result;
+
+    // New type function applications that were created by the reduction phase.
+    // We return these so that the ConstraintSolver can know to try to reduce
+    // them.
+    std::vector<TypeId> newTypeFunctions;
+};
+
+using EqSatSimplification::newSimplifier;    // NOLINT: clang-tidy thinks these are unused.  It is incorrect.
+using Luau::EqSatSimplification::Simplifier; // NOLINT
+using Luau::EqSatSimplification::SimplifierPtr;
+
+std::optional<EqSatSimplificationResult> eqSatSimplify(NotNull<Simplifier> simplifier, TypeId ty);
+
+} // namespace Luau

Analysis/include/Luau/EqSatSimplificationImpl.h

@@ -0,0 +1,363 @@
+// This file is part of the Luau programming language and is licensed under MIT License; see LICENSE.txt for details
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "Luau/EGraph.h"
+#include "Luau/Id.h"
+#include "Luau/Language.h"
+#include "Luau/Lexer.h" // For Allocator
+#include "Luau/NotNull.h"
+#include "Luau/TypeArena.h"
+#include "Luau/TypeFwd.h"
+
+namespace Luau
+{
+struct TypeFunction;
+}
+
+namespace Luau::EqSatSimplification
+{
+
+using StringId = uint32_t;
+using Id = Luau::EqSat::Id;
+
+LUAU_EQSAT_UNIT(TNil);
+LUAU_EQSAT_UNIT(TBoolean);
+LUAU_EQSAT_UNIT(TNumber);
+LUAU_EQSAT_UNIT(TString);
+LUAU_EQSAT_UNIT(TThread);
+LUAU_EQSAT_UNIT(TTopFunction);
+LUAU_EQSAT_UNIT(TTopTable);
+LUAU_EQSAT_UNIT(TTopClass);
+LUAU_EQSAT_UNIT(TBuffer);
+
+// Used for any type that eqsat can't do anything interesting with.
+LUAU_EQSAT_ATOM(TOpaque, TypeId);
+
+LUAU_EQSAT_ATOM(SBoolean, bool);
+LUAU_EQSAT_ATOM(SString, StringId);
+
+LUAU_EQSAT_ATOM(TFunction, TypeId);
+
+LUAU_EQSAT_ATOM(TImportedTable, TypeId);
+
+LUAU_EQSAT_ATOM(TClass, TypeId);
+
+LUAU_EQSAT_UNIT(TAny);
+LUAU_EQSAT_UNIT(TError);
+LUAU_EQSAT_UNIT(TUnknown);
+LUAU_EQSAT_UNIT(TNever);
+
+LUAU_EQSAT_NODE_SET(Union);
+LUAU_EQSAT_NODE_SET(Intersection);
+
+LUAU_EQSAT_NODE_ARRAY(Negation, 1);
+
+LUAU_EQSAT_NODE_ATOM_WITH_VECTOR(TTypeFun, const TypeFunction*);
+
+LUAU_EQSAT_UNIT(TNoRefine);
+LUAU_EQSAT_UNIT(Invalid);
+
+// enodes are immutable, but types are cyclic.  We need a way to tie the knot.
+// We handle this by generating TBound nodes at points where we encounter cycles.
+// Each TBound has an ordinal that we later map onto the type.
+// We use a substitution rule to replace all TBound nodes with their referrent.
+LUAU_EQSAT_ATOM(TBound, size_t);
+
+// Tables are sufficiently unlike other enodes that the Language.h macros won't cut it.
+struct TTable
+{
+    explicit TTable(Id basis);
+    TTable(Id basis, std::vector<StringId> propNames_, std::vector<Id> propTypes_);
+
+    // All TTables extend some other table.  This may be TTopTable.
+    //
+    // It will frequently be a TImportedTable, in which case we can reuse things
+    // like source location and documentation info.
+    Id getBasis() const;
+    EqSat::Slice<const Id> propTypes() const;
+    // TODO: Also support read-only table props
+    // TODO: Indexer type, index result type.
+
+    std::vector<StringId> propNames;
+
+    // The enode interface
+    EqSat::Slice<Id> mutableOperands();
+    EqSat::Slice<const Id> operands() const;
+    bool operator==(const TTable& rhs) const;
+    bool operator!=(const TTable& rhs) const
+    {
+        return !(*this == rhs);
+    }
+
+    struct Hash
+    {
+        size_t operator()(const TTable& value) const;
+    };
+
+private:
+    // The first element of this vector is the basis.  Subsequent elements are
+    // property types. As we add other things like read-only properties and
+    // indexers, the structure of this array is likely to change.
+    //
+    // We encode our data in this way so that the operands() method can properly
+    // return a Slice<Id>.
+    std::vector<Id> storage;
+};
+
+using EType = EqSat::Language<
+    TNil,
+    TBoolean,
+    TNumber,
+    TString,
+    TThread,
+    TTopFunction,
+    TTopTable,
+    TTopClass,
+    TBuffer,
+
+    TOpaque,
+
+    SBoolean,
+    SString,
+
+    TFunction,
+    TTable,
+    TImportedTable,
+    TClass,
+
+    TAny,
+    TError,
+    TUnknown,
+    TNever,
+
+    Union,
+    Intersection,
+
+    Negation,
+
+    TTypeFun,
+
+    Invalid,
+    TNoRefine,
+    TBound>;
+
+
+struct StringCache
+{
+    Allocator allocator;
+    DenseHashMap<size_t, StringId> strings{{}};
+    std::vector<std::string_view> views;
+
+    StringId add(std::string_view s);
+    std::string_view asStringView(StringId id) const;
+    std::string asString(StringId id) const;
+};
+
+using EGraph = Luau::EqSat::EGraph<EType, struct Simplify>;
+
+struct Simplify
+{
+    using Data = bool;
+
+    template<typename T>
+    Data make(const EGraph&, const T&) const;
+
+    void join(Data& left, const Data& right) const;
+};
+
+struct Subst
+{
+    Id eclass;
+    Id newClass;
+
+    std::string desc;
+
+    Subst(Id eclass, Id newClass, std::string desc = "");
+};
+
+struct Simplifier
+{
+    NotNull<TypeArena> arena;
+    NotNull<BuiltinTypes> builtinTypes;
+    EGraph egraph;
+    StringCache stringCache;
+
+    // enodes are immutable but types can be cyclic, so we need some way to
+    // encode the cycle. This map is used to connect TBound nodes to the right
+    // eclass.
+    //
+    // The cyclicIntersection rewrite rule uses this to sense when a cycle can
+    // be deleted from an intersection or union.
+    std::unordered_map<size_t, Id> mappingIdToClass;
+
+    std::vector<Subst> substs;
+
+    using RewriteRuleFn = void (Simplifier::*)(Id id);
+
+    Simplifier(NotNull<TypeArena> arena, NotNull<BuiltinTypes> builtinTypes);
+
+    // Utilities
+    const EqSat::EClass<EType, Simplify::Data>& get(Id id) const;
+    Id find(Id id) const;
+    Id add(EType enode);
+
+    template<typename Tag>
+    const Tag* isTag(Id id) const;
+
+    template<typename Tag>
+    const Tag* isTag(const EType& enode) const;
+
+    void subst(Id from, Id to);
+    void subst(Id from, Id to, const std::string& ruleName);
+    void subst(Id from, Id to, const std::string& ruleName, const std::unordered_map<Id, size_t>& forceNodes);
+
+    void unionClasses(std::vector<Id>& hereParts, Id there);
+
+    // Rewrite rules
+    void simplifyUnion(Id id);
+    void uninhabitedIntersection(Id id);
+    void intersectWithNegatedClass(Id id);
+    void intersectWithNoRefine(Id id);
+    void cyclicIntersectionOfUnion(Id id);
+    void cyclicUnionOfIntersection(Id id);
+    void expandNegation(Id id);
+    void intersectionOfUnion(Id id);
+    void intersectTableProperty(Id id);
+    void uninhabitedTable(Id id);
+    void unneededTableModification(Id id);
+    void builtinTypeFunctions(Id id);
+    void iffyTypeFunctions(Id id);
+};
+
+template<typename Tag>
+struct QueryIterator
+{
+    QueryIterator();
+    QueryIterator(EGraph* egraph, Id eclass);
+
+    bool operator==(const QueryIterator& other) const;
+    bool operator!=(const QueryIterator& other) const;
+
+    std::pair<const Tag*, size_t> operator*() const;
+
+    QueryIterator& operator++();
+    QueryIterator& operator++(int);
+
+private:
+    EGraph* egraph = nullptr;
+    Id eclass;
+    size_t index = 0;
+};
+
+template<typename Tag>
+struct Query
+{
+    EGraph* egraph;
+    Id eclass;
+
+    Query(EGraph* egraph, Id eclass)
+        : egraph(egraph)
+        , eclass(eclass)
+    {
+    }
+
+    QueryIterator<Tag> begin()
+    {
+        return QueryIterator<Tag>{egraph, eclass};
+    }
+
+    QueryIterator<Tag> end()
+    {
+        return QueryIterator<Tag>{};
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename Tag>
+QueryIterator<Tag>::QueryIterator()
+    : egraph(nullptr)
+    , eclass(Id{0})
+    , index(0)
+{
+}
+
+template<typename Tag>
+QueryIterator<Tag>::QueryIterator(EGraph* egraph_, Id eclass)
+    : egraph(egraph_)
+    , eclass(eclass)
+    , index(0)
+{
+    const auto& ecl = (*egraph)[eclass];
+
+    static constexpr const int idx = EType::VariantTy::getTypeId<Tag>();
+
+    for (const auto& enode : ecl.nodes)
+    {
+        if (enode.index() < idx)
+            ++index;
+        else
+            break;
+    }
+
+    if (index >= ecl.nodes.size() || ecl.nodes[index].index() != idx)
+    {
+        egraph = nullptr;
+        index = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename Tag>
+bool QueryIterator<Tag>::operator==(const QueryIterator<Tag>& rhs) const
+{
+    if (egraph == nullptr && rhs.egraph == nullptr)
+        return true;
+
+    return egraph == rhs.egraph && eclass == rhs.eclass && index == rhs.index;
+}
+
+template<typename Tag>
+bool QueryIterator<Tag>::operator!=(const QueryIterator<Tag>& rhs) const
+{
+    return !(*this == rhs);
+}
+
+template<typename Tag>
+std::pair<const Tag*, size_t> QueryIterator<Tag>::operator*() const
+{
+    LUAU_ASSERT(egraph != nullptr);
+
+    EGraph::EClassT& ecl = (*egraph)[eclass];
+
+    LUAU_ASSERT(index < ecl.nodes.size());
+    auto& enode = ecl.nodes[index];
+    Tag* result = enode.template get<Tag>();
+    LUAU_ASSERT(result);
+    return {result, index};
+}
+
+// pre-increment
+template<typename Tag>
+QueryIterator<Tag>& QueryIterator<Tag>::operator++()
+{
+    const auto& ecl = (*egraph)[eclass];
+
+    ++index;
+    if (index >= ecl.nodes.size() || ecl.nodes[index].index() != EType::VariantTy::getTypeId<Tag>())
+    {
+        egraph = nullptr;
+        index = 0;
+    }
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+// post-increment
+template<typename Tag>
+QueryIterator<Tag>& QueryIterator<Tag>::operator++(int)
+{
+    QueryIterator<Tag> res = *this;
+    ++res;
+    return res;
+}
+
+} // namespace Luau::EqSatSimplification

Analysis/include/Luau/FileResolver.h

@@ -32,7 +32,11 @@ struct ModuleInfo
     bool optional = false;
 };
 
-using RequireSuggestion = std::string;
+struct RequireSuggestion
+{
+    std::string label;
+    std::string fullPath;
+};
 using RequireSuggestions = std::vector<RequireSuggestion>;
 
 struct FileResolver

Analysis/include/Luau/FragmentAutocomplete.h

@@ -3,9 +3,10 @@
 
 #include "Luau/Ast.h"
 #include "Luau/Parser.h"
-#include "Luau/Autocomplete.h"
+#include "Luau/AutocompleteTypes.h"
 #include "Luau/DenseHash.h"
 #include "Luau/Module.h"
+#include "Luau/Frontend.h"
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <vector>
@@ -27,13 +28,23 @@ struct FragmentParseResult
     std::string fragmentToParse;
     AstStatBlock* root = nullptr;
     std::vector<AstNode*> ancestry;
+    AstStat* nearestStatement = nullptr;
     std::unique_ptr<Allocator> alloc = std::make_unique<Allocator>();
 };
 
 struct FragmentTypeCheckResult
 {
     ModulePtr incrementalModule = nullptr;
-    Scope* freshScope = nullptr;
+    ScopePtr freshScope;
+    std::vector<AstNode*> ancestry;
+};
+
+struct FragmentAutocompleteResult
+{
+    ModulePtr incrementalModule;
+    Scope* freshScope;
+    TypeArena arenaForAutocomplete;
+    AutocompleteResult acResults;
 };
 
 FragmentAutocompleteAncestryResult findAncestryForFragmentParse(AstStatBlock* root, const Position& cursorPos);
@@ -48,11 +59,11 @@ FragmentTypeCheckResult typecheckFragment(
     std::string_view src
 );
 
-AutocompleteResult fragmentAutocomplete(
+FragmentAutocompleteResult fragmentAutocomplete(
     Frontend& frontend,
     std::string_view src,
     const ModuleName& moduleName,
-    Position& cursorPosition,
+    Position cursorPosition,
     std::optional<FrontendOptions> opts,
     StringCompletionCallback callback
 );

Analysis/include/Luau/ToString.h

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ struct ToStringOptions
     bool hideTableKind = false;                   // If true, all tables will be surrounded with plain '{}'
     bool hideNamedFunctionTypeParameters = false; // If true, type parameters of functions will be hidden at top-level.
     bool hideFunctionSelfArgument = false;        // If true, `self: X` will be omitted from the function signature if the function has self
+    bool useQuestionMarks = true;                 // If true, use a postfix ? for options, else write them out as unions that include nil.
     size_t maxTableLength = size_t(FInt::LuauTableTypeMaximumStringifierLength); // Only applied to TableTypes
     size_t maxTypeLength = size_t(FInt::LuauTypeMaximumStringifierLength);
     size_t compositeTypesSingleLineLimit = 5; // The number of type elements permitted on a single line when printing type unions/intersections

Analysis/include/Luau/Type.h

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ namespace Luau
 struct TypeArena;
 struct Scope;
 using ScopePtr = std::shared_ptr<Scope>;
+struct Module;
 
 struct TypeFunction;
 struct Constraint;
@@ -598,6 +599,18 @@ struct ClassType
     }
 };
 
+// Data required to initialize a user-defined function and its environment
+struct UserDefinedFunctionData
+{
+    // Store a weak module reference to ensure the lifetime requirements are preserved
+    std::weak_ptr<Module> owner;
+
+    // References to AST elements are owned by the Module allocator which also stores this type
+    AstStatTypeFunction* definition = nullptr;
+
+    DenseHashMap<Name, AstStatTypeFunction*> environment{""};
+};
+
 /**
  * An instance of a type function that has not yet been reduced to a more concrete
  * type. The constraint solver receives a constraint to reduce each
@@ -613,17 +626,20 @@ struct TypeFunctionInstanceType
     std::vector<TypePackId> packArguments;
 
     std::optional<AstName> userFuncName;          // Name of the user-defined type function; only available for UDTFs
+    UserDefinedFunctionData userFuncData;
 
     TypeFunctionInstanceType(
         NotNull<const TypeFunction> function,
         std::vector<TypeId> typeArguments,
         std::vector<TypePackId> packArguments,
-        std::optional<AstName> userFuncName = std::nullopt
+        std::optional<AstName> userFuncName,
+        UserDefinedFunctionData userFuncData
     )
         : function(function)
         , typeArguments(typeArguments)
         , packArguments(packArguments)
         , userFuncName(userFuncName)
+        , userFuncData(userFuncData)
     {
     }
 
@@ -640,6 +656,13 @@ struct TypeFunctionInstanceType
         , packArguments(packArguments)
     {
     }
+
+    TypeFunctionInstanceType(NotNull<const TypeFunction> function, std::vector<TypeId> typeArguments, std::vector<TypePackId> packArguments)
+        : function{function}
+        , typeArguments(typeArguments)
+        , packArguments(packArguments)
+    {
+    }
 };
 
 /** Represents a pending type alias instantiation.

Analysis/src/AutocompleteCore.h

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// This file is part of the Luau programming language and is licensed under MIT License; see LICENSE.txt for details
+#pragma once
+
+#include "Luau/AutocompleteTypes.h"
+
+namespace Luau
+{
+struct Module;
+struct FileResolver;
+
+using ModulePtr = std::shared_ptr<Module>;
+using ModuleName = std::string;
+
+
+AutocompleteResult autocomplete_(
+    const ModulePtr& module,
+    NotNull<BuiltinTypes> builtinTypes,
+    TypeArena* typeArena,
+    std::vector<AstNode*>& ancestry,
+    Scope* globalScope,
+    const ScopePtr& scopeAtPosition,
+    Position position,
+    FileResolver* fileResolver,
+    StringCompletionCallback callback
+);
+
+} // namespace Luau

Analysis/src/BuiltinDefinitions.cpp

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ LUAU_DYNAMIC_FASTINT(LuauTypeSolverRelease)
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauTypestateBuiltins2)
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauStringFormatArityFix)
 
-LUAU_FASTFLAG(AutocompleteRequirePathSuggestions)
+LUAU_FASTFLAG(AutocompleteRequirePathSuggestions2);
 
 namespace Luau
 {
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ void registerBuiltinGlobals(Frontend& frontend, GlobalTypes& globals, bool typeC
             attachDcrMagicFunction(ttv->props["freeze"].type(), dcrMagicFunctionFreeze);
     }
 
-    if (FFlag::AutocompleteRequirePathSuggestions)
+    if (FFlag::AutocompleteRequirePathSuggestions2)
     {
         TypeId requireTy = getGlobalBinding(globals, "require");
         attachTag(requireTy, kRequireTagName);

Analysis/src/Constraint.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 #include "Luau/Constraint.h"
 #include "Luau/VisitType.h"
 
+LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauDontRefCountTypesInTypeFunctions)
+
 namespace Luau
 {
 
@@ -46,6 +48,21 @@ struct ReferenceCountInitializer : TypeOnceVisitor
         // ClassTypes never contain free types.
         return false;
     }
+
+    bool visit(TypeId, const TypeFunctionInstanceType&) override
+    {
+        // We do not consider reference counted types that are inside a type
+        // function to be part of the reachable reference counted types.
+        // Otherwise, code can be constructed in just the right way such
+        // that two type functions both claim to mutate a free type, which
+        // prevents either type function from trying to generalize it, so
+        // we potentially get stuck.
+        //
+        // The default behavior here is `true` for "visit the child types"
+        // of this type, hence:
+        return !FFlag::LuauDontRefCountTypesInTypeFunctions;
+    }
+
 };
 
 bool isReferenceCountedType(const TypeId typ)

Analysis/src/ConstraintGenerator.cpp

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "Luau/Def.h"
 #include "Luau/DenseHash.h"
 #include "Luau/ModuleResolver.h"
+#include "Luau/NotNull.h"
 #include "Luau/RecursionCounter.h"
 #include "Luau/Refinement.h"
 #include "Luau/Scope.h"
@@ -30,11 +31,13 @@
 LUAU_FASTINT(LuauCheckRecursionLimit)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(DebugLuauLogSolverToJson)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(DebugLuauMagicTypes)
+LUAU_FASTFLAG(DebugLuauEqSatSimplification)
 LUAU_DYNAMIC_FASTINT(LuauTypeSolverRelease)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauTypestateBuiltins2)
 
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauNewSolverVisitErrorExprLvalues)
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauNewSolverPrePopulateClasses)
+LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauUserTypeFunExportedAndLocal)
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauNewSolverPopulateTableLocations)
 
 namespace Luau
@@ -172,6 +175,7 @@ bool hasFreeType(TypeId ty)
 ConstraintGenerator::ConstraintGenerator(
     ModulePtr module,
     NotNull<Normalizer> normalizer,
+    NotNull<Simplifier> simplifier,
     NotNull<TypeFunctionRuntime> typeFunctionRuntime,
     NotNull<ModuleResolver> moduleResolver,
     NotNull<BuiltinTypes> builtinTypes,
@@ -188,6 +192,7 @@ ConstraintGenerator::ConstraintGenerator(
     , rootScope(nullptr)
     , dfg(dfg)
     , normalizer(normalizer)
+    , simplifier(simplifier)
     , typeFunctionRuntime(typeFunctionRuntime)
     , moduleResolver(moduleResolver)
     , ice(ice)
@@ -257,7 +262,7 @@ void ConstraintGenerator::visitModuleRoot(AstStatBlock* block)
             d = follow(d);
             if (d == ty)
                 continue;
-            domainTy = simplifyUnion(builtinTypes, arena, domainTy, d).result;
+            domainTy = simplifyUnion(scope, Location{}, domainTy, d);
         }
 
         LUAU_ASSERT(get<BlockedType>(ty));
@@ -267,7 +272,15 @@ void ConstraintGenerator::visitModuleRoot(AstStatBlock* block)
 
 void ConstraintGenerator::visitFragmentRoot(const ScopePtr& resumeScope, AstStatBlock* block)
 {
+    // We prepopulate global data in the resumeScope to avoid writing data into the old modules scopes
+    prepopulateGlobalScopeForFragmentTypecheck(globalScope, resumeScope, block);
+    // Pre
+    // We need to pop the interior types,
+    interiorTypes.emplace_back();
     visitBlockWithoutChildScope(resumeScope, block);
+    // Post
+    interiorTypes.pop_back();
+
     fillInInferredBindings(resumeScope, block);
 
     if (logger)
@@ -282,7 +295,7 @@ void ConstraintGenerator::visitFragmentRoot(const ScopePtr& resumeScope, AstStat
             d = follow(d);
             if (d == ty)
                 continue;
-            domainTy = simplifyUnion(builtinTypes, arena, domainTy, d).result;
+            domainTy = simplifyUnion(resumeScope, resumeScope->location, domainTy, d);
         }
 
         LUAU_ASSERT(get<BlockedType>(ty));
@@ -711,7 +724,7 @@ void ConstraintGenerator::checkAliases(const ScopePtr& scope, AstStatBlock* bloc
                 continue;
             }
 
-            if (scope->parent != globalScope)
+            if (!FFlag::LuauUserTypeFunExportedAndLocal && scope->parent != globalScope)
             {
                 reportError(function->location, GenericError{"Local user-defined functions are not supported yet"});
                 continue;
@@ -740,17 +753,26 @@ void ConstraintGenerator::checkAliases(const ScopePtr& scope, AstStatBlock* bloc
             if (std::optional<std::string> error = typeFunctionRuntime->registerFunction(function))
                 reportError(function->location, GenericError{*error});
 
-            TypeId typeFunctionTy = arena->addType(TypeFunctionInstanceType{
+            UserDefinedFunctionData udtfData;
-                NotNull{&builtinTypeFunctions().userFunc},
+
-                std::move(typeParams),
+            if (FFlag::LuauUserTypeFunExportedAndLocal)
-                {},
+            {
-                function->name,
+                udtfData.owner = module;
-            });
+                udtfData.definition = function;
+            }
+
+            TypeId typeFunctionTy = arena->addType(
+                TypeFunctionInstanceType{NotNull{&builtinTypeFunctions().userFunc}, std::move(typeParams), {}, function->name, udtfData}
+            );
 
             TypeFun typeFunction{std::move(quantifiedTypeParams), typeFunctionTy};
 
             // Set type bindings and definition locations for this user-defined type function
+            if (FFlag::LuauUserTypeFunExportedAndLocal && function->exported)
+                scope->exportedTypeBindings[function->name.value] = std::move(typeFunction);
+            else
                 scope->privateTypeBindings[function->name.value] = std::move(typeFunction);
+
             aliasDefinitionLocations[function->name.value] = function->location;
         }
         else if (auto classDeclaration = stat->as<AstStatDeclareClass>())
@@ -780,6 +802,55 @@ void ConstraintGenerator::checkAliases(const ScopePtr& scope, AstStatBlock* bloc
             classDefinitionLocations[classDeclaration->name.value] = classDeclaration->location;
         }
     }
+
+    if (FFlag::LuauUserTypeFunExportedAndLocal)
+    {
+        // Additional pass for user-defined type functions to fill in their environments completely
+        for (AstStat* stat : block->body)
+        {
+            if (auto function = stat->as<AstStatTypeFunction>())
+            {
+                // Find the type function we have already created
+                TypeFunctionInstanceType* mainTypeFun = nullptr;
+
+                if (auto it = scope->privateTypeBindings.find(function->name.value); it != scope->privateTypeBindings.end())
+                    mainTypeFun = getMutable<TypeFunctionInstanceType>(it->second.type);
+
+                if (!mainTypeFun)
+                {
+                    if (auto it = scope->exportedTypeBindings.find(function->name.value); it != scope->exportedTypeBindings.end())
+                        mainTypeFun = getMutable<TypeFunctionInstanceType>(it->second.type);
+                }
+
+                // Fill it with all visible type functions
+                if (mainTypeFun)
+                {
+                    UserDefinedFunctionData& userFuncData = mainTypeFun->userFuncData;
+
+                    for (Scope* curr = scope.get(); curr; curr = curr->parent.get())
+                    {
+                        for (auto& [name, tf] : curr->privateTypeBindings)
+                        {
+                            if (userFuncData.environment.find(name))
+                                continue;
+
+                            if (auto ty = get<TypeFunctionInstanceType>(tf.type); ty && ty->userFuncData.definition)
+                                userFuncData.environment[name] = ty->userFuncData.definition;
+                        }
+
+                        for (auto& [name, tf] : curr->exportedTypeBindings)
+                        {
+                            if (userFuncData.environment.find(name))
+                                continue;
+
+                            if (auto ty = get<TypeFunctionInstanceType>(tf.type); ty && ty->userFuncData.definition)
+                                userFuncData.environment[name] = ty->userFuncData.definition;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 ControlFlow ConstraintGenerator::visitBlockWithoutChildScope(const ScopePtr& scope, AstStatBlock* block)
@@ -900,12 +971,8 @@ ControlFlow ConstraintGenerator::visitBlockWithoutChildScope_DEPRECATED(const Sc
             if (std::optional<std::string> error = typeFunctionRuntime->registerFunction(function))
                 reportError(function->location, GenericError{*error});
 
-            TypeId typeFunctionTy = arena->addType(TypeFunctionInstanceType{
+            TypeId typeFunctionTy =
-                NotNull{&builtinTypeFunctions().userFunc},
+                arena->addType(TypeFunctionInstanceType{NotNull{&builtinTypeFunctions().userFunc}, std::move(typeParams), {}, function->name, {}});
-                std::move(typeParams),
-                {},
-                function->name,
-            });
 
             TypeFun typeFunction{std::move(quantifiedTypeParams), typeFunctionTy};
 
@@ -2807,7 +2874,7 @@ void ConstraintGenerator::visitLValue(const ScopePtr& scope, AstExprLocal* local
             case ErrorSuppression::DoNotSuppress:
                 break;
             case ErrorSuppression::Suppress:
-                ty = simplifyUnion(builtinTypes, arena, *ty, builtinTypes->errorType).result;
+                ty = simplifyUnion(scope, local->location, *ty, builtinTypes->errorType);
                 break;
             case ErrorSuppression::NormalizationFailed:
                 reportError(local->local->annotation->location, NormalizationTooComplex{});
@@ -3673,6 +3740,32 @@ TypeId ConstraintGenerator::makeIntersect(const ScopePtr& scope, Location locati
     return resultType;
 }
 
+struct FragmentTypeCheckGlobalPrepopulator : AstVisitor
+{
+    const NotNull<Scope> globalScope;
+    const NotNull<Scope> currentScope;
+    const NotNull<const DataFlowGraph> dfg;
+
+    FragmentTypeCheckGlobalPrepopulator(NotNull<Scope> globalScope, NotNull<Scope> currentScope, NotNull<const DataFlowGraph> dfg)
+        : globalScope(globalScope)
+        , currentScope(currentScope)
+        , dfg(dfg)
+    {
+    }
+
+    bool visit(AstExprGlobal* global) override
+    {
+        if (auto ty = globalScope->lookup(global->name))
+        {
+            DefId def = dfg->getDef(global);
+            // We only want to write into the current scope the type of the global
+            currentScope->lvalueTypes[def] = *ty;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+};
+
 struct GlobalPrepopulator : AstVisitor
 {
     const NotNull<Scope> globalScope;
@@ -3719,6 +3812,14 @@ struct GlobalPrepopulator : AstVisitor
     }
 };
 
+void ConstraintGenerator::prepopulateGlobalScopeForFragmentTypecheck(const ScopePtr& globalScope, const ScopePtr& resumeScope, AstStatBlock* program)
+{
+    FragmentTypeCheckGlobalPrepopulator gp{NotNull{globalScope.get()}, NotNull{resumeScope.get()}, dfg};
+    if (prepareModuleScope)
+        prepareModuleScope(module->name, resumeScope);
+    program->visit(&gp);
+}
+
 void ConstraintGenerator::prepopulateGlobalScope(const ScopePtr& globalScope, AstStatBlock* program)
 {
     GlobalPrepopulator gp{NotNull{globalScope.get()}, arena, dfg};
@@ -3870,6 +3971,24 @@ TypeId ConstraintGenerator::createTypeFunctionInstance(
     return result;
 }
 
+TypeId ConstraintGenerator::simplifyUnion(const ScopePtr& scope, Location location, TypeId left, TypeId right)
+{
+    if (FFlag::DebugLuauEqSatSimplification)
+    {
+        TypeId ty = arena->addType(UnionType{{left, right}});
+        std::optional<EqSatSimplificationResult> res = eqSatSimplify(simplifier, ty);
+        if (!res)
+            return ty;
+
+        for (TypeId tyFun : res->newTypeFunctions)
+            addConstraint(scope, location, ReduceConstraint{tyFun});
+
+        return res->result;
+    }
+    else
+        return ::Luau::simplifyUnion(builtinTypes, arena, left, right).result;
+}
+
 std::vector<NotNull<Constraint>> borrowConstraints(const std::vector<ConstraintPtr>& constraints)
 {
     std::vector<NotNull<Constraint>> result;

Analysis/src/ConstraintSolver.cpp

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(DebugLuauLogBindings)
 LUAU_FASTINTVARIABLE(LuauSolverRecursionLimit, 500)
 LUAU_DYNAMIC_FASTINT(LuauTypeSolverRelease)
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauRemoveNotAnyHack)
+LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(DebugLuauEqSatSimplification)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauNewSolverPopulateTableLocations)
 
 namespace Luau
@@ -320,6 +321,7 @@ struct InstantiationQueuer : TypeOnceVisitor
 
 ConstraintSolver::ConstraintSolver(
     NotNull<Normalizer> normalizer,
+    NotNull<Simplifier> simplifier,
     NotNull<TypeFunctionRuntime> typeFunctionRuntime,
     NotNull<Scope> rootScope,
     std::vector<NotNull<Constraint>> constraints,
@@ -333,6 +335,7 @@ ConstraintSolver::ConstraintSolver(
     : arena(normalizer->arena)
     , builtinTypes(normalizer->builtinTypes)
     , normalizer(normalizer)
+    , simplifier(simplifier)
     , typeFunctionRuntime(typeFunctionRuntime)
     , constraints(std::move(constraints))
     , rootScope(rootScope)
@@ -1802,7 +1805,7 @@ bool ConstraintSolver::tryDispatch(const AssignPropConstraint& c, NotNull<const
             upperTable->props[c.propName] = rhsType;
 
             // Food for thought: Could we block if simplification encounters a blocked type?
-            lhsFree->upperBound = simplifyIntersection(builtinTypes, arena, lhsFreeUpperBound, newUpperBound).result;
+            lhsFree->upperBound = simplifyIntersection(constraint->scope, constraint->location, lhsFreeUpperBound, newUpperBound);
 
             bind(constraint, c.propType, rhsType);
             return true;
@@ -2016,7 +2019,7 @@ bool ConstraintSolver::tryDispatch(const AssignIndexConstraint& c, NotNull<const
             }
         }
 
-        TypeId res = simplifyIntersection(builtinTypes, arena, std::move(parts)).result;
+        TypeId res = simplifyIntersection(constraint->scope, constraint->location, std::move(parts));
 
         unify(constraint, rhsType, res);
     }
@@ -2596,9 +2599,9 @@ std::pair<std::vector<TypeId>, std::optional<TypeId>> ConstraintSolver::lookupTa
 
             // if we're in an lvalue context, we need the _common_ type here.
             if (context == ValueContext::LValue)
-                return {{}, simplifyIntersection(builtinTypes, arena, one, two).result};
+                return {{}, simplifyIntersection(constraint->scope, constraint->location, one, two)};
 
-            return {{}, simplifyUnion(builtinTypes, arena, one, two).result};
+            return {{}, simplifyUnion(constraint->scope, constraint->location, one, two)};
         }
         // if we're in an lvalue context, we need the _common_ type here.
         else if (context == ValueContext::LValue)
@@ -2630,7 +2633,7 @@ std::pair<std::vector<TypeId>, std::optional<TypeId>> ConstraintSolver::lookupTa
         {
             TypeId one = *begin(options);
             TypeId two = *(++begin(options));
-            return {{}, simplifyIntersection(builtinTypes, arena, one, two).result};
+            return {{}, simplifyIntersection(constraint->scope, constraint->location, one, two)};
         }
         else
             return {{}, arena->addType(IntersectionType{std::vector<TypeId>(begin(options), end(options))})};
@@ -3019,6 +3022,63 @@ bool ConstraintSolver::hasUnresolvedConstraints(TypeId ty)
     return false;
 }
 
+TypeId ConstraintSolver::simplifyIntersection(NotNull<Scope> scope, Location location, TypeId left, TypeId right)
+{
+    if (FFlag::DebugLuauEqSatSimplification)
+    {
+        TypeId ty = arena->addType(IntersectionType{{left, right}});
+
+        std::optional<EqSatSimplificationResult> res = eqSatSimplify(simplifier, ty);
+        if (!res)
+            return ty;
+
+        for (TypeId ty : res->newTypeFunctions)
+            pushConstraint(scope, location, ReduceConstraint{ty});
+
+        return res->result;
+    }
+    else
+        return ::Luau::simplifyIntersection(builtinTypes, arena, left, right).result;
+}
+
+TypeId ConstraintSolver::simplifyIntersection(NotNull<Scope> scope, Location location, std::set<TypeId> parts)
+{
+    if (FFlag::DebugLuauEqSatSimplification)
+    {
+        TypeId ty = arena->addType(IntersectionType{std::vector(parts.begin(), parts.end())});
+
+        std::optional<EqSatSimplificationResult> res = eqSatSimplify(simplifier, ty);
+        if (!res)
+            return ty;
+
+        for (TypeId ty : res->newTypeFunctions)
+            pushConstraint(scope, location, ReduceConstraint{ty});
+
+        return res->result;
+    }
+    else
+        return ::Luau::simplifyIntersection(builtinTypes, arena, std::move(parts)).result;
+}
+
+TypeId ConstraintSolver::simplifyUnion(NotNull<Scope> scope, Location location, TypeId left, TypeId right)
+{
+    if (FFlag::DebugLuauEqSatSimplification)
+    {
+        TypeId ty = arena->addType(UnionType{{left, right}});
+
+        std::optional<EqSatSimplificationResult> res = eqSatSimplify(simplifier, ty);
+        if (!res)
+            return ty;
+
+        for (TypeId ty : res->newTypeFunctions)
+            pushConstraint(scope, location, ReduceConstraint{ty});
+
+        return res->result;
+    }
+    else
+        return ::Luau::simplifyUnion(builtinTypes, arena, left, right).result;
+}
+
 TypeId ConstraintSolver::errorRecoveryType() const
 {
     return builtinTypes->errorRecoveryType();

Analysis/src/FragmentAutocomplete.cpp

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "Luau/Ast.h"
 #include "Luau/AstQuery.h"
 #include "Luau/Common.h"
+#include "Luau/EqSatSimplification.h"
 #include "Luau/Parser.h"
 #include "Luau/ParseOptions.h"
 #include "Luau/Module.h"
@@ -18,11 +19,14 @@
 #include "Luau/ParseOptions.h"
 #include "Luau/Module.h"
 
+#include "AutocompleteCore.h"
+
 LUAU_FASTINT(LuauTypeInferRecursionLimit);
 LUAU_FASTINT(LuauTypeInferIterationLimit);
 LUAU_FASTINT(LuauTarjanChildLimit)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauAllowFragmentParsing);
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauStoreDFGOnModule2);
+LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauAutocompleteRefactorsForIncrementalAutocomplete)
 
 namespace
 {
@@ -41,7 +45,6 @@ void copyModuleMap(Luau::DenseHashMap<K, V>& result, const Luau::DenseHashMap<K,
 
 } // namespace
 
-
 namespace Luau
 {
 
@@ -88,14 +91,22 @@ FragmentAutocompleteAncestryResult findAncestryForFragmentParse(AstStatBlock* ro
     return {std::move(localMap), std::move(localStack), std::move(ancestry), std::move(nearestStatement)};
 }
 
-std::pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> getDocumentOffsets(const std::string_view& src, const Position& startPos, const Position& endPos)
+/**
+ * Get document offsets is a function that takes a source text document as well as a start position and end position(line, column) in that
+ * document and attempts to get the concrete text between those points. It returns a pair of:
+ * - start offset that represents an index in the source `char*` corresponding to startPos
+ * - length, that represents how many more bytes to read to get to endPos.
+ * Example - your document is "foo bar baz" and getDocumentOffsets is passed (1, 4) - (1, 8). This function returns the pair {3, 7},
+ * which corresponds to the string " bar "
+ */
+std::pair<size_t, size_t> getDocumentOffsets(const std::string_view& src, const Position& startPos, const Position& endPos)
 {
-    unsigned int lineCount = 0;
+    size_t lineCount = 0;
-    unsigned int colCount = 0;
+    size_t colCount = 0;
 
-    unsigned int docOffset = 0;
+    size_t docOffset = 0;
-    unsigned int startOffset = 0;
+    size_t startOffset = 0;
-    unsigned int endOffset = 0;
+    size_t endOffset = 0;
     bool foundStart = false;
     bool foundEnd = false;
     for (char c : src)
@@ -115,6 +126,13 @@ std::pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> getDocumentOffsets(const std::string_view&
             foundEnd = true;
         }
 
+        // We put a cursor position that extends beyond the extents of the current line
+        if (foundStart && !foundEnd && (lineCount > endPos.line))
+        {
+            foundEnd = true;
+            endOffset = docOffset - 1;
+        }
+
         if (c == '\n')
         {
             lineCount++;
@@ -125,20 +143,24 @@ std::pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> getDocumentOffsets(const std::string_view&
         docOffset++;
     }
 
+    if (foundStart && !foundEnd)
+        endOffset = src.length();
 
-    unsigned int min = std::min(startOffset, endOffset);
+    size_t min = std::min(startOffset, endOffset);
-    unsigned int len = std::max(startOffset, endOffset) - min;
+    size_t len = std::max(startOffset, endOffset) - min;
     return {min, len};
 }
 
-ScopePtr findClosestScope(const ModulePtr& module, const Position& cursorPos)
+ScopePtr findClosestScope(const ModulePtr& module, const AstStat* nearestStatement)
 {
     LUAU_ASSERT(module->hasModuleScope());
 
     ScopePtr closest = module->getModuleScope();
+
+    // find the scope the nearest statement belonged to.
     for (auto [loc, sc] : module->scopes)
     {
-        if (loc.begin <= cursorPos && closest->location.begin <= loc.begin)
+        if (loc.encloses(nearestStatement->location) && closest->location.begin <= loc.begin)
             closest = sc;
     }
 
@@ -152,13 +174,27 @@ FragmentParseResult parseFragment(const SourceModule& srcModule, std::string_vie
     opts.allowDeclarationSyntax = false;
     opts.captureComments = false;
     opts.parseFragment = FragmentParseResumeSettings{std::move(result.localMap), std::move(result.localStack)};
-    AstStat* enclosingStatement = result.nearestStatement;
+    AstStat* nearestStatement = result.nearestStatement;
 
-    const Position& endPos = cursorPos;
+    const Location& rootSpan = srcModule.root->location;
-    // If the statement starts on a previous line, grab the statement beginning
+    // Did we append vs did we insert inline
-    // otherwise, grab the statement end to whatever is being typed right now
+    bool appended = cursorPos >= rootSpan.end;
-    const Position& startPos =
+    // statement spans multiple lines
-        enclosingStatement->location.begin.line == cursorPos.line ? enclosingStatement->location.begin : enclosingStatement->location.end;
+    bool multiline = nearestStatement->location.begin.line != nearestStatement->location.end.line;
+
+    const Position endPos = cursorPos;
+
+    // We start by re-parsing everything (we'll refine this as we go)
+    Position startPos = srcModule.root->location.begin;
+
+    // If we added to the end of the sourceModule, use the end of the nearest location
+    if (appended && multiline)
+        startPos = nearestStatement->location.end;
+    // Statement spans one line && cursorPos is on a different line
+    else if (!multiline && cursorPos.line != nearestStatement->location.end.line)
+        startPos = nearestStatement->location.end;
+    else
+        startPos = nearestStatement->location.begin;
 
     auto [offsetStart, parseLength] = getDocumentOffsets(src, startPos, endPos);
 
@@ -173,10 +209,11 @@ FragmentParseResult parseFragment(const SourceModule& srcModule, std::string_vie
     std::vector<AstNode*> fabricatedAncestry = std::move(result.ancestry);
     std::vector<AstNode*> fragmentAncestry = findAncestryAtPositionForAutocomplete(p.root, p.root->location.end);
     fabricatedAncestry.insert(fabricatedAncestry.end(), fragmentAncestry.begin(), fragmentAncestry.end());
-    if (enclosingStatement == nullptr)
+    if (nearestStatement == nullptr)
-        enclosingStatement = p.root;
+        nearestStatement = p.root;
     fragmentResult.root = std::move(p.root);
     fragmentResult.ancestry = std::move(fabricatedAncestry);
+    fragmentResult.nearestStatement = nearestStatement;
     return fragmentResult;
 }
 
@@ -205,7 +242,7 @@ ModulePtr copyModule(const ModulePtr& result, std::unique_ptr<Allocator> alloc)
     return incrementalModule;
 }
 
-FragmentTypeCheckResult typeCheckFragmentHelper(
+FragmentTypeCheckResult typecheckFragment_(
     Frontend& frontend,
     AstStatBlock* root,
     const ModulePtr& stale,
@@ -245,15 +282,18 @@ FragmentTypeCheckResult typeCheckFragmentHelper(
     /// Create a DataFlowGraph just for the surrounding context
     auto updatedDfg = DataFlowGraphBuilder::updateGraph(*stale->dataFlowGraph.get(), stale->dfgScopes, root, cursorPos, iceHandler);
 
+    SimplifierPtr simplifier = newSimplifier(NotNull{&incrementalModule->internalTypes}, frontend.builtinTypes);
+
     /// Contraint Generator
     ConstraintGenerator cg{
         incrementalModule,
         NotNull{&normalizer},
+        NotNull{simplifier.get()},
         NotNull{&typeFunctionRuntime},
         NotNull{&frontend.moduleResolver},
         frontend.builtinTypes,
         iceHandler,
-        frontend.globals.globalScope,
+        stale->getModuleScope(),
         nullptr,
         nullptr,
         NotNull{&updatedDfg},
@@ -262,7 +302,7 @@ FragmentTypeCheckResult typeCheckFragmentHelper(
     cg.rootScope = stale->getModuleScope().get();
     // Any additions to the scope must occur in a fresh scope
     auto freshChildOfNearestScope = std::make_shared<Scope>(closestScope);
-    incrementalModule->scopes.push_back({root->location, freshChildOfNearestScope});
+    incrementalModule->scopes.emplace_back(root->location, freshChildOfNearestScope);
 
     // closest Scope -> children = { ...., freshChildOfNearestScope}
     // We need to trim nearestChild from the scope hierarcy
@@ -274,9 +314,11 @@ FragmentTypeCheckResult typeCheckFragmentHelper(
     LUAU_ASSERT(back == freshChildOfNearestScope.get());
     closestScope->children.pop_back();
 
+
     /// Initialize the constraint solver and run it
     ConstraintSolver cs{
         NotNull{&normalizer},
+        NotNull{simplifier.get()},
         NotNull{&typeFunctionRuntime},
         NotNull(cg.rootScope),
         borrowConstraints(cg.constraints),
@@ -307,7 +349,7 @@ FragmentTypeCheckResult typeCheckFragmentHelper(
 
     freeze(incrementalModule->internalTypes);
     freeze(incrementalModule->interfaceTypes);
-    return {std::move(incrementalModule), freshChildOfNearestScope.get()};
+    return {std::move(incrementalModule), std::move(freshChildOfNearestScope)};
 }
 
 
@@ -327,27 +369,51 @@ FragmentTypeCheckResult typecheckFragment(
     }
 
     ModulePtr module = frontend.moduleResolver.getModule(moduleName);
-    const ScopePtr& closestScope = findClosestScope(module, cursorPos);
+    FragmentParseResult parseResult = parseFragment(*sourceModule, src, cursorPos);
-
-
-    FragmentParseResult r = parseFragment(*sourceModule, src, cursorPos);
     FrontendOptions frontendOptions = opts.value_or(frontend.options);
-    return typeCheckFragmentHelper(frontend, r.root, module, closestScope, cursorPos, std::move(r.alloc), frontendOptions);
+    const ScopePtr& closestScope = findClosestScope(module, parseResult.nearestStatement);
+    FragmentTypeCheckResult result =
+        typecheckFragment_(frontend, parseResult.root, module, closestScope, cursorPos, std::move(parseResult.alloc), frontendOptions);
+    result.ancestry = std::move(parseResult.ancestry);
+    return result;
 }
 
-AutocompleteResult fragmentAutocomplete(
+
+FragmentAutocompleteResult fragmentAutocomplete(
     Frontend& frontend,
     std::string_view src,
     const ModuleName& moduleName,
-    Position& cursorPosition,
+    Position cursorPosition,
-    const FrontendOptions& opts,
+    std::optional<FrontendOptions> opts,
     StringCompletionCallback callback
 )
 {
     LUAU_ASSERT(FFlag::LuauSolverV2);
     LUAU_ASSERT(FFlag::LuauAllowFragmentParsing);
     LUAU_ASSERT(FFlag::LuauStoreDFGOnModule2);
+    LUAU_ASSERT(FFlag::LuauAutocompleteRefactorsForIncrementalAutocomplete);
+
+    const SourceModule* sourceModule = frontend.getSourceModule(moduleName);
+    if (!sourceModule)
+    {
+        LUAU_ASSERT(!"Expected Source Module for fragment typecheck");
         return {};
+    }
+
+    auto tcResult = typecheckFragment(frontend, moduleName, cursorPosition, opts, src);
+    TypeArena arenaForFragmentAutocomplete;
+    auto result = Luau::autocomplete_(
+        tcResult.incrementalModule,
+        frontend.builtinTypes,
+        &arenaForFragmentAutocomplete,
+        tcResult.ancestry,
+        frontend.globals.globalScope.get(),
+        tcResult.freshScope,
+        cursorPosition,
+        frontend.fileResolver,
+        callback
+    );
+    return {std::move(tcResult.incrementalModule), tcResult.freshScope.get(), std::move(arenaForFragmentAutocomplete), std::move(result)};
 }
 
 } // namespace Luau

Analysis/src/Frontend.cpp

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "Luau/ConstraintSolver.h"
 #include "Luau/DataFlowGraph.h"
 #include "Luau/DcrLogger.h"
+#include "Luau/EqSatSimplification.h"
 #include "Luau/FileResolver.h"
 #include "Luau/NonStrictTypeChecker.h"
 #include "Luau/Parser.h"
@@ -46,7 +47,6 @@ LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(DebugLuauForceStrictMode)
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(DebugLuauForceNonStrictMode)
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauUserDefinedTypeFunctionNoEvaluation)
 LUAU_DYNAMIC_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauRunCustomModuleChecks, false)
-LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauMoreThoroughCycleDetection)
 
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(StudioReportLuauAny2)
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauStoreDFGOnModule2)
@@ -287,8 +287,7 @@ static void filterLintOptions(LintOptions& lintOptions, const std::vector<HotCom
 std::vector<RequireCycle> getRequireCycles(
     const FileResolver* resolver,
     const std::unordered_map<ModuleName, std::shared_ptr<SourceNode>>& sourceNodes,
-    const SourceNode* start,
+    const SourceNode* start
-    bool stopAtFirst = false
 )
 {
     std::vector<RequireCycle> result;
@@ -358,9 +357,6 @@ std::vector<RequireCycle> getRequireCycles(
         {
             result.push_back({depLocation, std::move(cycle)});
 
-            if (stopAtFirst)
-                return result;
-
             // note: if we didn't find a cycle, all nodes that we've seen don't depend [transitively] on start
             // so it's safe to *only* clear seen vector when we find a cycle
             // if we don't do it, we will not have correct reporting for some cycles
@@ -884,18 +880,11 @@ void Frontend::addBuildQueueItems(
         data.environmentScope = getModuleEnvironment(*sourceModule, data.config, frontendOptions.forAutocomplete);
         data.recordJsonLog = FFlag::DebugLuauLogSolverToJson;
 
-        const Mode mode = sourceModule->mode.value_or(data.config.mode);
-
         // in the future we could replace toposort with an algorithm that can flag cyclic nodes by itself
         // however, for now getRequireCycles isn't expensive in practice on the cases we care about, and long term
         // all correct programs must be acyclic so this code triggers rarely
         if (cycleDetected)
-        {
+            data.requireCycles = getRequireCycles(fileResolver, sourceNodes, sourceNode.get());
-            if (FFlag::LuauMoreThoroughCycleDetection)
-                data.requireCycles = getRequireCycles(fileResolver, sourceNodes, sourceNode.get(), false);
-            else
-                data.requireCycles = getRequireCycles(fileResolver, sourceNodes, sourceNode.get(), mode == Mode::NoCheck);
-        }
 
         data.options = frontendOptions;
 
@@ -1334,6 +1323,7 @@ ModulePtr check(
     unifierState.counters.iterationLimit = limits.unifierIterationLimit.value_or(FInt::LuauTypeInferIterationLimit);
 
     Normalizer normalizer{&result->internalTypes, builtinTypes, NotNull{&unifierState}};
+    SimplifierPtr simplifier = newSimplifier(NotNull{&result->internalTypes}, builtinTypes);
     TypeFunctionRuntime typeFunctionRuntime{iceHandler, NotNull{&limits}};
 
     if (FFlag::LuauUserDefinedTypeFunctionNoEvaluation)
@@ -1342,6 +1332,7 @@ ModulePtr check(
     ConstraintGenerator cg{
         result,
         NotNull{&normalizer},
+        NotNull{simplifier.get()},
         NotNull{&typeFunctionRuntime},
         moduleResolver,
         builtinTypes,
@@ -1358,6 +1349,7 @@ ModulePtr check(
 
     ConstraintSolver cs{
         NotNull{&normalizer},
+        NotNull{simplifier.get()},
         NotNull{&typeFunctionRuntime},
         NotNull(cg.rootScope),
         borrowConstraints(cg.constraints),

Analysis/src/Substitution.cpp

@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ static TypeId shallowClone(TypeId ty, TypeArena& dest, const TxnLog* log, bool a
             return dest.addType(NegationType{a.ty});
         else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, TypeFunctionInstanceType>)
         {
-            TypeFunctionInstanceType clone{a.function, a.typeArguments, a.packArguments, a.userFuncName};
+            TypeFunctionInstanceType clone{a.function, a.typeArguments, a.packArguments, a.userFuncName, a.userFuncData};
             return dest.addType(std::move(clone));
         }
         else

Analysis/src/Symbol.cpp

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "Luau/Common.h"
 
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauSolverV2)
+LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauSymbolEquality)
 
 namespace Luau
 {
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ bool Symbol::operator==(const Symbol& rhs) const
         return local == rhs.local;
     else if (global.value)
         return rhs.global.value && global == rhs.global.value; // Subtlety: AstName::operator==(const char*) uses strcmp, not pointer identity.
-    else if (FFlag::LuauSolverV2)
+    else if (FFlag::LuauSolverV2 || FFlag::LuauSymbolEquality)
         return !rhs.local && !rhs.global.value; // Reflexivity: we already know `this` Symbol is empty, so check that rhs is.
     else
         return false;

Analysis/src/ToString.cpp

@@ -870,6 +870,8 @@ struct TypeStringifier
             return;
         }
 
+        LUAU_ASSERT(uv.options.size() > 1);
+
         bool optional = false;
         bool hasNonNilDisjunct = false;
 
@@ -878,7 +880,7 @@ struct TypeStringifier
         {
             el = follow(el);
 
-            if (isNil(el))
+            if (state.opts.useQuestionMarks && isNil(el))
             {
                 optional = true;
                 continue;

Analysis/src/TypeFunction.cpp

@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauUserDefinedTypeFunctionNoEvaluation)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauUserTypeFunFixRegister)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauRemoveNotAnyHack)
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauUserDefinedTypeFunctionResetState)
+LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauUserTypeFunExportedAndLocal)
 
 LUAU_DYNAMIC_FASTINT(LuauTypeSolverRelease)
 
@@ -610,11 +611,30 @@ TypeFunctionReductionResult<TypeId> userDefinedTypeFunction(
     NotNull<TypeFunctionContext> ctx
 )
 {
+    auto typeFunction = getMutable<TypeFunctionInstanceType>(instance);
+
+    if (FFlag::LuauUserTypeFunExportedAndLocal)
+    {
+        if (typeFunction->userFuncData.owner.expired())
+        {
+            ctx->ice->ice("user-defined type function module has expired");
+            return {std::nullopt, true, {}, {}};
+        }
+
+        if (!typeFunction->userFuncName || !typeFunction->userFuncData.definition)
+        {
+            ctx->ice->ice("all user-defined type functions must have an associated function definition");
+            return {std::nullopt, true, {}, {}};
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
         if (!ctx->userFuncName)
         {
             ctx->ice->ice("all user-defined type functions must have an associated function definition");
             return {std::nullopt, true, {}, {}};
         }
+    }
 
     if (FFlag::LuauUserDefinedTypeFunctionNoEvaluation)
     {
@@ -632,7 +652,22 @@ TypeFunctionReductionResult<TypeId> userDefinedTypeFunction(
             return {std::nullopt, false, {ty}, {}};
     }
 
-    AstName name = *ctx->userFuncName;
+    if (FFlag::LuauUserTypeFunExportedAndLocal)
+    {
+        // Ensure that whole type function environment is registered
+        for (auto& [name, definition] : typeFunction->userFuncData.environment)
+        {
+            if (std::optional<std::string> error = ctx->typeFunctionRuntime->registerFunction(definition))
+            {
+                // Failure to register at this point means that original definition had to error out and should not have been present in the
+                // environment
+                ctx->ice->ice("user-defined type function reference cannot be registered");
+                return {std::nullopt, true, {}, {}};
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    AstName name = FFlag::LuauUserTypeFunExportedAndLocal ? typeFunction->userFuncData.definition->name : *ctx->userFuncName;
 
     lua_State* global = ctx->typeFunctionRuntime->state.get();
 
@@ -643,8 +678,44 @@ TypeFunctionReductionResult<TypeId> userDefinedTypeFunction(
     lua_State* L = lua_newthread(global);
     LuauTempThreadPopper popper(global);
 
+    if (FFlag::LuauUserTypeFunExportedAndLocal)
+    {
+        // Fetch the function we want to evaluate
+        lua_pushlightuserdata(L, typeFunction->userFuncData.definition);
+        lua_gettable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+
+        if (!lua_isfunction(L, -1))
+        {
+            ctx->ice->ice("user-defined type function reference cannot be found in the registry");
+            return {std::nullopt, true, {}, {}};
+        }
+
+        // Build up the environment
+        lua_getfenv(L, -1);
+        lua_setreadonly(L, -1, false);
+
+        for (auto& [name, definition] : typeFunction->userFuncData.environment)
+        {
+            lua_pushlightuserdata(L, definition);
+            lua_gettable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+
+            if (!lua_isfunction(L, -1))
+            {
+                ctx->ice->ice("user-defined type function reference cannot be found in the registry");
+                return {std::nullopt, true, {}, {}};
+            }
+
+            lua_setfield(L, -2, name.c_str());
+        }
+
+        lua_setreadonly(L, -1, true);
+        lua_pop(L, 1);
+    }
+    else
+    {
         lua_getglobal(global, name.value);
         lua_xmove(global, L, 1);
+    }
 
     if (FFlag::LuauUserDefinedTypeFunctionResetState)
         resetTypeFunctionState(L);
@@ -693,7 +764,7 @@ TypeFunctionReductionResult<TypeId> userDefinedTypeFunction(
 
     TypeId retTypeId = deserialize(retTypeFunctionTypeId, runtimeBuilder.get());
 
-    // At least 1 error occured while deserializing
+    // At least 1 error occurred while deserializing
     if (runtimeBuilder->errors.size() > 0)
         return {std::nullopt, true, {}, {}, runtimeBuilder->errors.front()};
 
@@ -935,6 +1006,23 @@ std::optional<std::string> TypeFunctionRuntime::registerFunction(AstStatTypeFunc
 
     prepareState();
 
+    lua_State* global = state.get();
+
+    if (FFlag::LuauUserTypeFunExportedAndLocal)
+    {
+        // Fetch to check if function is already registered
+        lua_pushlightuserdata(global, function);
+        lua_gettable(global, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+
+        if (!lua_isnil(global, -1))
+        {
+            lua_pop(global, 1);
+            return std::nullopt;
+        }
+
+        lua_pop(global, 1);
+    }
+
     AstName name = function->name;
 
     // Construct ParseResult containing the type function
@@ -961,7 +1049,6 @@ std::optional<std::string> TypeFunctionRuntime::registerFunction(AstStatTypeFunc
 
     std::string bytecode = builder.getBytecode();
 
-    lua_State* global = state.get();
 
     // Separate sandboxed thread for individual execution and private globals
     lua_State* L = lua_newthread(global);
@@ -989,9 +1076,19 @@ std::optional<std::string> TypeFunctionRuntime::registerFunction(AstStatTypeFunc
         return format("Could not find '%s' type function in the global scope", name.value);
     }
 
+    if (FFlag::LuauUserTypeFunExportedAndLocal)
+    {
+        // Store resulting function in the registry
+        lua_pushlightuserdata(global, function);
+        lua_xmove(L, global, 1);
+        lua_settable(global, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+    }
+    else
+    {
         // Store resulting function in the global environment
         lua_xmove(L, global, 1);
         lua_setglobal(global, name.value);
+    }
 
     return std::nullopt;
 }

Ast/include/Luau/Allocator.h

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// This file is part of the Luau programming language and is licensed under MIT License; see LICENSE.txt for details
+#pragma once
+
+#include "Luau/Ast.h"
+#include "Luau/Location.h"
+#include "Luau/DenseHash.h"
+#include "Luau/Common.h"
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Luau
+{
+
+class Allocator
+{
+public:
+    Allocator();
+    Allocator(Allocator&&);
+
+    Allocator& operator=(Allocator&&) = delete;
+
+    ~Allocator();
+
+    void* allocate(size_t size);
+
+    template<typename T, typename... Args>
+    T* alloc(Args&&... args)
+    {
+        static_assert(std::is_trivially_destructible<T>::value, "Objects allocated with this allocator will never have their destructors run!");
+
+        T* t = static_cast<T*>(allocate(sizeof(T)));
+        new (t) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        return t;
+    }
+
+private:
+    struct Page
+    {
+        Page* next;
+
+        char data[8192];
+    };
+
+    Page* root;
+    size_t offset;
+};
+
+}

Ast/include/Luau/Ast.h

@@ -316,16 +316,18 @@ public:
 
     enum QuoteStyle
     {
-        Quoted,
+        QuotedSimple,
+        QuotedRaw,
         Unquoted
     };
 
-    AstExprConstantString(const Location& location, const AstArray<char>& value, QuoteStyle quoteStyle = Quoted);
+    AstExprConstantString(const Location& location, const AstArray<char>& value, QuoteStyle quoteStyle);
 
     void visit(AstVisitor* visitor) override;
+    bool isQuoted() const;
 
     AstArray<char> value;
-    QuoteStyle quoteStyle = Quoted;
+    QuoteStyle quoteStyle;
 };
 
 class AstExprLocal : public AstExpr
@@ -876,13 +878,14 @@ class AstStatTypeFunction : public AstStat
 public:
     LUAU_RTTI(AstStatTypeFunction);
 
-    AstStatTypeFunction(const Location& location, const AstName& name, const Location& nameLocation, AstExprFunction* body);
+    AstStatTypeFunction(const Location& location, const AstName& name, const Location& nameLocation, AstExprFunction* body, bool exported);
 
     void visit(AstVisitor* visitor) override;
 
     AstName name;
     Location nameLocation;
     AstExprFunction* body;
+    bool exported;
 };
 
 class AstStatDeclareGlobal : public AstStat

Ast/include/Luau/Lexer.h

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // This file is part of the Luau programming language and is licensed under MIT License; see LICENSE.txt for details
 #pragma once
 
+#include "Luau/Allocator.h"
 #include "Luau/Ast.h"
 #include "Luau/Location.h"
 #include "Luau/DenseHash.h"
@@ -11,40 +12,6 @@
 namespace Luau
 {
 
-class Allocator
-{
-public:
-    Allocator();
-    Allocator(Allocator&&);
-
-    Allocator& operator=(Allocator&&) = delete;
-
-    ~Allocator();
-
-    void* allocate(size_t size);
-
-    template<typename T, typename... Args>
-    T* alloc(Args&&... args)
-    {
-        static_assert(std::is_trivially_destructible<T>::value, "Objects allocated with this allocator will never have their destructors run!");
-
-        T* t = static_cast<T*>(allocate(sizeof(T)));
-        new (t) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-        return t;
-    }
-
-private:
-    struct Page
-    {
-        Page* next;
-
-        char data[8192];
-    };
-
-    Page* root;
-    size_t offset;
-};
-
 struct Lexeme
 {
     enum Type

Ast/src/Allocator.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+// This file is part of the Luau programming language and is licensed under MIT License; see LICENSE.txt for details
+
+#include "Luau/Allocator.h"
+
+namespace Luau
+{
+
+Allocator::Allocator()
+    : root(static_cast<Page*>(operator new(sizeof(Page))))
+    , offset(0)
+{
+    root->next = nullptr;
+}
+
+Allocator::Allocator(Allocator&& rhs)
+    : root(rhs.root)
+    , offset(rhs.offset)
+{
+    rhs.root = nullptr;
+    rhs.offset = 0;
+}
+
+Allocator::~Allocator()
+{
+    Page* page = root;
+
+    while (page)
+    {
+        Page* next = page->next;
+
+        operator delete(page);
+
+        page = next;
+    }
+}
+
+void* Allocator::allocate(size_t size)
+{
+    constexpr size_t align = alignof(void*) > alignof(double) ? alignof(void*) : alignof(double);
+
+    if (root)
+    {
+        uintptr_t data = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(root->data);
+        uintptr_t result = (data + offset + align - 1) & ~(align - 1);
+        if (result + size <= data + sizeof(root->data))
+        {
+            offset = result - data + size;
+            return reinterpret_cast<void*>(result);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // allocate new page
+    size_t pageSize = size > sizeof(root->data) ? size : sizeof(root->data);
+    void* pageData = operator new(offsetof(Page, data) + pageSize);
+
+    Page* page = static_cast<Page*>(pageData);
+
+    page->next = root;
+
+    root = page;
+    offset = size;
+
+    return page->data;
+}
+
+}

Ast/src/Ast.cpp

@@ -92,6 +92,11 @@ void AstExprConstantString::visit(AstVisitor* visitor)
     visitor->visit(this);
 }
 
+bool AstExprConstantString::isQuoted() const
+{
+    return quoteStyle == QuoteStyle::QuotedSimple || quoteStyle == QuoteStyle::QuotedRaw;
+}
+
 AstExprLocal::AstExprLocal(const Location& location, AstLocal* local, bool upvalue)
     : AstExpr(ClassIndex(), location)
     , local(local)
@@ -760,11 +765,18 @@ void AstStatTypeAlias::visit(AstVisitor* visitor)
     }
 }
 
-AstStatTypeFunction::AstStatTypeFunction(const Location& location, const AstName& name, const Location& nameLocation, AstExprFunction* body)
+AstStatTypeFunction::AstStatTypeFunction(
+    const Location& location,
+    const AstName& name,
+    const Location& nameLocation,
+    AstExprFunction* body,
+    bool exported
+)
     : AstStat(ClassIndex(), location)
     , name(name)
     , nameLocation(nameLocation)
     , body(body)
+    , exported(exported)
 {
 }
 

Ast/src/Lexer.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // This file is part of the Luau programming language and is licensed under MIT License; see LICENSE.txt for details
 #include "Luau/Lexer.h"
 
+#include "Luau/Allocator.h"
 #include "Luau/Common.h"
 #include "Luau/Confusables.h"
 #include "Luau/StringUtils.h"
@@ -10,64 +11,6 @@
 namespace Luau
 {
 
-Allocator::Allocator()
-    : root(static_cast<Page*>(operator new(sizeof(Page))))
-    , offset(0)
-{
-    root->next = nullptr;
-}
-
-Allocator::Allocator(Allocator&& rhs)
-    : root(rhs.root)
-    , offset(rhs.offset)
-{
-    rhs.root = nullptr;
-    rhs.offset = 0;
-}
-
-Allocator::~Allocator()
-{
-    Page* page = root;
-
-    while (page)
-    {
-        Page* next = page->next;
-
-        operator delete(page);
-
-        page = next;
-    }
-}
-
-void* Allocator::allocate(size_t size)
-{
-    constexpr size_t align = alignof(void*) > alignof(double) ? alignof(void*) : alignof(double);
-
-    if (root)
-    {
-        uintptr_t data = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(root->data);
-        uintptr_t result = (data + offset + align - 1) & ~(align - 1);
-        if (result + size <= data + sizeof(root->data))
-        {
-            offset = result - data + size;
-            return reinterpret_cast<void*>(result);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // allocate new page
-    size_t pageSize = size > sizeof(root->data) ? size : sizeof(root->data);
-    void* pageData = operator new(offsetof(Page, data) + pageSize);
-
-    Page* page = static_cast<Page*>(pageData);
-
-    page->next = root;
-
-    root = page;
-    offset = size;
-
-    return page->data;
-}
-
 Lexeme::Lexeme(const Location& location, Type type)
     : type(type)
     , location(location)

Ast/src/Parser.cpp

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauSolverV2)
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauNativeAttribute)
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauAttributeSyntaxFunExpr)
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauUserDefinedTypeFunctionsSyntax2)
+LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauUserDefinedTypeFunParseExport)
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauAllowFragmentParsing)
 LUAU_FASTFLAGVARIABLE(LuauPortableStringZeroCheck)
 
@@ -943,8 +944,11 @@ AstStat* Parser::parseTypeFunction(const Location& start, bool exported)
     Lexeme matchFn = lexer.current();
     nextLexeme();
 
+    if (!FFlag::LuauUserDefinedTypeFunParseExport)
+    {
         if (exported)
             report(start, "Type function cannot be exported");
+    }
 
     // parse the name of the type function
     std::optional<Name> fnName = parseNameOpt("type function name");
@@ -962,7 +966,7 @@ AstStat* Parser::parseTypeFunction(const Location& start, bool exported)
 
     matchRecoveryStopOnToken[Lexeme::ReservedEnd]--;
 
-    return allocator.alloc<AstStatTypeFunction>(Location(start, body->location), fnName->name, fnName->location, body);
+    return allocator.alloc<AstStatTypeFunction>(Location(start, body->location), fnName->name, fnName->location, body, exported);
 }
 
 AstDeclaredClassProp Parser::parseDeclaredClassMethod()
@@ -3012,8 +3016,23 @@ std::optional<AstArray<char>> Parser::parseCharArray()
 AstExpr* Parser::parseString()
 {
     Location location = lexer.current().location;
+
+    AstExprConstantString::QuoteStyle style;
+    switch (lexer.current().type)
+    {
+    case Lexeme::QuotedString:
+    case Lexeme::InterpStringSimple:
+        style = AstExprConstantString::QuotedSimple;
+        break;
+    case Lexeme::RawString:
+        style = AstExprConstantString::QuotedRaw;
+        break;
+    default:
+        LUAU_ASSERT(false && "Invalid string type");
+    }
+
     if (std::optional<AstArray<char>> value = parseCharArray())
-        return allocator.alloc<AstExprConstantString>(location, *value);
+        return allocator.alloc<AstExprConstantString>(location, *value, style);
     else
         return reportExprError(location, {}, "String literal contains malformed escape sequence");
 }

CLI/Analyze.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 // This file is part of the Luau programming language and is licensed under MIT License; see LICENSE.txt for details
+#include "Luau/Config.h"
 #include "Luau/ModuleResolver.h"
 #include "Luau/TypeInfer.h"
 #include "Luau/BuiltinDefinitions.h"
@@ -224,7 +225,14 @@ struct CliConfigResolver : Luau::ConfigResolver
 
         if (std::optional<std::string> contents = readFile(configPath))
         {
-            std::optional<std::string> error = Luau::parseConfig(*contents, result);
+            Luau::ConfigOptions::AliasOptions aliasOpts;
+            aliasOpts.configLocation = configPath;
+            aliasOpts.overwriteAliases = true;
+
+            Luau::ConfigOptions opts;
+            opts.aliasOptions = std::move(aliasOpts);
+
+            std::optional<std::string> error = Luau::parseConfig(*contents, result, opts);
             if (error)
                 configErrors.push_back({configPath, *error});
         }

CLI/FileUtils.cpp

@@ -181,6 +181,16 @@ std::string resolvePath(std::string_view path, std::string_view baseFilePath)
     return resolvedPath;
 }
 
+bool hasFileExtension(std::string_view name, const std::vector<std::string>& extensions)
+{
+    for (const std::string& extension : extensions)
+    {
+        if (name.size() >= extension.size() && name.substr(name.size() - extension.size()) == extension)
+            return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
 std::optional<std::string> readFile(const std::string& name)
 {
 #ifdef _WIN32

CLI/FileUtils.h

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ std::string resolvePath(std::string_view relativePath, std::string_view baseFile
 std::optional<std::string> readFile(const std::string& name);
 std::optional<std::string> readStdin();
 
+bool hasFileExtension(std::string_view name, const std::vector<std::string>& extensions);
+
 bool isAbsolutePath(std::string_view path);
 bool isFile(const std::string& path);
 bool isDirectory(const std::string& path);

CLI/Require.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include "FileUtils.h"
 #include "Luau/Common.h"
+#include "Luau/Config.h"
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
@@ -83,6 +84,9 @@ RequireResolver::ModuleStatus RequireResolver::findModuleImpl()
         absolutePath.resize(unsuffixedAbsolutePathSize); // truncate to remove suffix
     }
 
+    if (hasFileExtension(absolutePath, {".luau", ".lua"}) && isFile(absolutePath))
+        luaL_argerrorL(L, 1, "error requiring module: consider removing the file extension");
+
     return ModuleStatus::NotFound;
 }
 
@@ -235,14 +239,15 @@ std::optional<std::string> RequireResolver::getAlias(std::string alias)
             return ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') ? (c + ('a' - 'A')) : c;
         }
     );
-    while (!config.aliases.count(alias) && !isConfigFullyResolved)
+    while (!config.aliases.contains(alias) && !isConfigFullyResolved)
     {
         parseNextConfig();
     }
-    if (!config.aliases.count(alias) && isConfigFullyResolved)
+    if (!config.aliases.contains(alias) && isConfigFullyResolved)
         return std::nullopt; // could not find alias
 
-    return resolvePath(config.aliases[alias], joinPaths(lastSearchedDir, Luau::kConfigName));
+    const Luau::Config::AliasInfo& aliasInfo = config.aliases[alias];
+    return resolvePath(aliasInfo.value, aliasInfo.configLocation);
 }
 
 void RequireResolver::parseNextConfig()
@@ -275,9 +280,16 @@ void RequireResolver::parseConfigInDirectory(const std::string& directory)
 {
     std::string configPath = joinPaths(directory, Luau::kConfigName);
 
+    Luau::ConfigOptions::AliasOptions aliasOpts;
+    aliasOpts.configLocation = configPath;
+    aliasOpts.overwriteAliases = false;
+
+    Luau::ConfigOptions opts;
+    opts.aliasOptions = std::move(aliasOpts);
+
     if (std::optional<std::string> contents = readFile(configPath))
     {
-        std::optional<std::string> error = Luau::parseConfig(*contents, config);
+        std::optional<std::string> error = Luau::parseConfig(*contents, config, opts);
         if (error)
             luaL_errorL(L, "error parsing %s (%s)", configPath.c_str(), (*error).c_str());
     }

Common/include/Luau/Variant.h

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class Variant
     static_assert(std::disjunction_v<std::is_reference<Ts>...> == false, "variant does not allow references as an alternative type");
     static_assert(std::disjunction_v<std::is_array<Ts>...> == false, "variant does not allow arrays as an alternative type");
 
-private:
+public:
     template<typename T>
     static constexpr int getTypeId()
     {
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ private:
         return -1;
     }
 
+private:
     template<typename T, typename... Tail>
     struct First
     {

Config/include/Luau/Config.h

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 // This file is part of the Luau programming language and is licensed under MIT License; see LICENSE.txt for details
 #pragma once
 
+#include "Luau/DenseHash.h"
 #include "Luau/LinterConfig.h"
 #include "Luau/ParseOptions.h"
 
+#include <memory>
 #include <optional>
 #include <string>
-#include <unordered_map>
+#include <string_view>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace Luau
@@ -19,6 +21,10 @@ constexpr const char* kConfigName = ".luaurc";
 struct Config
 {
     Config();
+    Config(const Config& other) noexcept;
+    Config& operator=(const Config& other) noexcept;
+    Config(Config&& other) noexcept = default;
+    Config& operator=(Config&& other) noexcept = default;
 
     Mode mode = Mode::Nonstrict;
 
@@ -32,7 +38,19 @@ struct Config
 
     std::vector<std::string> globals;
 
-    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> aliases;
+    struct AliasInfo
+    {
+        std::string value;
+        std::string_view configLocation;
+    };
+
+    DenseHashMap<std::string, AliasInfo> aliases{""};
+
+    void setAlias(std::string alias, const std::string& value, const std::string configLocation);
+
+private:
+    // Prevents making unnecessary copies of the same config location string.
+    DenseHashMap<std::string, std::unique_ptr<std::string>> configLocationCache{""};
 };
 
 struct ConfigResolver
@@ -60,6 +78,18 @@ std::optional<std::string> parseLintRuleString(
 
 bool isValidAlias(const std::string& alias);
 
-std::optional<std::string> parseConfig(const std::string& contents, Config& config, bool compat = false);
+struct ConfigOptions
+{
+    bool compat = false;
+
+    struct AliasOptions
+    {
+        std::string configLocation;
+        bool overwriteAliases;
+    };
+    std::optional<AliasOptions> aliasOptions = std::nullopt;
+};
+
+std::optional<std::string> parseConfig(const std::string& contents, Config& config, const ConfigOptions& options = ConfigOptions{});
 
 } // namespace Luau

Config/src/Config.cpp

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
 #include "Luau/Lexer.h"
 #include "Luau/StringUtils.h"
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <unordered_map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
 
 namespace Luau
 {
@@ -16,6 +17,50 @@ Config::Config()
     enabledLint.setDefaults();
 }
 
+Config::Config(const Config& other) noexcept
+    : mode(other.mode)
+    , parseOptions(other.parseOptions)
+    , enabledLint(other.enabledLint)
+    , fatalLint(other.fatalLint)
+    , lintErrors(other.lintErrors)
+    , typeErrors(other.typeErrors)
+    , globals(other.globals)
+{
+    for (const auto& [alias, aliasInfo] : other.aliases)
+    {
+        std::string configLocation = std::string(aliasInfo.configLocation);
+
+        if (!configLocationCache.contains(configLocation))
+            configLocationCache[configLocation] = std::make_unique<std::string>(configLocation);
+
+        AliasInfo newAliasInfo;
+        newAliasInfo.value = aliasInfo.value;
+        newAliasInfo.configLocation = *configLocationCache[configLocation];
+        aliases[alias] = std::move(newAliasInfo);
+    }
+}
+
+Config& Config::operator=(const Config& other) noexcept
+{
+    if (this != &other)
+    {
+        Config copy(other);
+        std::swap(*this, copy);
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+void Config::setAlias(std::string alias, const std::string& value, const std::string configLocation)
+{
+    AliasInfo& info = aliases[alias];
+    info.value = value;
+
+    if (!configLocationCache.contains(configLocation))
+        configLocationCache[configLocation] = std::make_unique<std::string>(configLocation);
+
+    info.configLocation = *configLocationCache[configLocation];
+}
+
 static Error parseBoolean(bool& result, const std::string& value)
 {
     if (value == "true")
@@ -136,7 +181,12 @@ bool isValidAlias(const std::string& alias)
     return true;
 }
 
-Error parseAlias(std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>& aliases, std::string aliasKey, const std::string& aliasValue)
+static Error parseAlias(
+    Config& config,
+    std::string aliasKey,
+    const std::string& aliasValue,
+    const std::optional<ConfigOptions::AliasOptions>& aliasOptions
+)
 {
     if (!isValidAlias(aliasKey))
         return Error{"Invalid alias " + aliasKey};
@@ -150,8 +200,12 @@ Error parseAlias(std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>& aliases, std::str
             return ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') ? (c + ('a' - 'A')) : c;
         }
     );
-    if (!aliases.count(aliasKey))
+
-        aliases[std::move(aliasKey)] = aliasValue;
+    if (!aliasOptions)
+        return Error("Cannot parse aliases without alias options");
+
+    if (aliasOptions->overwriteAliases || !config.aliases.contains(aliasKey))
+        config.setAlias(std::move(aliasKey), aliasValue, aliasOptions->configLocation);
 
     return std::nullopt;
 }
@@ -285,16 +339,16 @@ static Error parseJson(const std::string& contents, Action action)
     return {};
 }
 
-Error parseConfig(const std::string& contents, Config& config, bool compat)
+Error parseConfig(const std::string& contents, Config& config, const ConfigOptions& options)
 {
     return parseJson(
         contents,
         [&](const std::vector<std::string>& keys, const std::string& value) -> Error
         {
             if (keys.size() == 1 && keys[0] == "languageMode")
-                return parseModeString(config.mode, value, compat);
+                return parseModeString(config.mode, value, options.compat);
             else if (keys.size() == 2 && keys[0] == "lint")
-                return parseLintRuleString(config.enabledLint, config.fatalLint, keys[1], value, compat);
+                return parseLintRuleString(config.enabledLint, config.fatalLint, keys[1], value, options.compat);
             else if (keys.size() == 1 && keys[0] == "lintErrors")
                 return parseBoolean(config.lintErrors, value);
             else if (keys.size() == 1 && keys[0] == "typeErrors")
@@ -305,9 +359,9 @@ Error parseConfig(const std::string& contents, Config& config, bool compat)
                 return std::nullopt;
             }
             else if (keys.size() == 2 && keys[0] == "aliases")
-                return parseAlias(config.aliases, keys[1], value);
+                return parseAlias(config, keys[1], value, options.aliasOptions);
-            else if (compat && keys.size() == 2 && keys[0] == "language" && keys[1] == "mode")
+            else if (options.compat && keys.size() == 2 && keys[0] == "language" && keys[1] == "mode")
-                return parseModeString(config.mode, value, compat);
+                return parseModeString(config.mode, value, options.compat);
             else
             {
                 std::vector<std::string_view> keysv(keys.begin(), keys.end());

EqSat/include/Luau/EGraph.h

@@ -23,6 +23,13 @@ struct Analysis final
 
     using D = typename N::Data;
 
+    Analysis() = default;
+
+    Analysis(N a)
+        : analysis(std::move(a))
+    {
+    }
+
     template<typename T>
     static D fnMake(const N& analysis, const EGraph<L, N>& egraph, const L& enode)
     {
@@ -59,6 +66,15 @@ struct EClass final
 template<typename L, typename N>
 struct EGraph final
 {
+    using EClassT = EClass<L, typename N::Data>;
+
+    EGraph() = default;
+
+    explicit EGraph(N analysis)
+        : analysis(std::move(analysis))
+    {
+    }
+
     Id find(Id id) const
     {
         return unionfind.find(id);
@@ -85,33 +101,59 @@ struct EGraph final
         return id;
     }
 
-    void merge(Id id1, Id id2)
+    // Returns true if the two IDs were not previously merged.
+    bool merge(Id id1, Id id2)
     {
         id1 = find(id1);
         id2 = find(id2);
         if (id1 == id2)
-            return;
+            return false;
 
-        unionfind.merge(id1, id2);
+        const Id mergedId = unionfind.merge(id1, id2);
 
-        EClass<L, typename N::Data>& eclass1 = get(id1);
+        // Ensure that id1 is the Id that we keep, and id2 is the id that we drop.
-        EClass<L, typename N::Data> eclass2 = std::move(get(id2));
+        if (mergedId == id2)
+            std::swap(id1, id2);
+
+        EClassT& eclass1 = get(id1);
+        EClassT eclass2 = std::move(get(id2));
         classes.erase(id2);
 
-        worklist.reserve(worklist.size() + eclass2.parents.size());
+        eclass1.nodes.insert(eclass1.nodes.end(), eclass2.nodes.begin(), eclass2.nodes.end());
-        for (auto [enode, id] : eclass2.parents)
+        eclass1.parents.insert(eclass1.parents.end(), eclass2.parents.begin(), eclass2.parents.end());
-            worklist.push_back({std::move(enode), id});
+
+        std::sort(
+            eclass1.nodes.begin(),
+            eclass1.nodes.end(),
+            [](const L& left, const L& right)
+            {
+                return left.index() < right.index();
+            }
+        );
+
+        worklist.reserve(worklist.size() + eclass1.parents.size());
+        for (const auto& [eclass, id] : eclass1.parents)
+            worklist.push_back(id);
 
         analysis.join(eclass1.data, eclass2.data);
+
+        return true;
     }
 
     void rebuild()
     {
+        std::unordered_set<Id> seen;
+
         while (!worklist.empty())
         {
-            auto [enode, id] = worklist.back();
+            Id id = worklist.back();
             worklist.pop_back();
-            repair(get(find(id)));
+
+            const bool isFresh = seen.insert(id).second;
+            if (!isFresh)
+                continue;
+
+            repair(find(id));
         }
     }
 
@@ -120,16 +162,21 @@ struct EGraph final
         return classes.size();
     }
 
-    EClass<L, typename N::Data>& operator[](Id id)
+    EClassT& operator[](Id id)
     {
         return get(find(id));
     }
 
-    const EClass<L, typename N::Data>& operator[](Id id) const
+    const EClassT& operator[](Id id) const
     {
         return const_cast<EGraph*>(this)->get(find(id));
     }
 
+    const std::unordered_map<Id, EClassT>& getAllClasses() const
+    {
+        return classes;
+    }
+
 private:
     Analysis<L, N> analysis;
 
@@ -139,19 +186,19 @@ private:
     /// The e-class map 𝑀 maps e-class ids to e-classes. All equivalent e-class ids map to the same
     /// e-class, i.e., 𝑎 ≡id 𝑏 iff 𝑀[𝑎] is the same set as 𝑀[𝑏]. An e-class id 𝑎 is said to refer to the
     /// e-class 𝑀[find(𝑎)].
-    std::unordered_map<Id, EClass<L, typename N::Data>> classes;
+    std::unordered_map<Id, EClassT> classes;
 
     /// The hashcons 𝐻 is a map from e-nodes to e-class ids.
     std::unordered_map<L, Id, typename L::Hash> hashcons;
 
-    std::vector<std::pair<L, Id>> worklist;
+    std::vector<Id> worklist;
 
 private:
     void canonicalize(L& enode)
     {
         // An e-node 𝑛 is canonical iff 𝑛 = canonicalize(𝑛), where
         // canonicalize(𝑓(𝑎1, 𝑎2, ...)) = 𝑓(find(𝑎1), find(𝑎2), ...).
-        for (Id& id : enode.operands())
+        for (Id& id : enode.mutableOperands())
             id = find(id);
     }
 
@@ -171,7 +218,7 @@ private:
 
         classes.insert_or_assign(
             id,
-            EClass<L, typename N::Data>{
+            EClassT{
                 id,
                 {enode},
                 analysis.make(*this, enode),
@@ -182,7 +229,7 @@ private:
         for (Id operand : enode.operands())
             get(operand).parents.push_back({enode, id});
 
-        worklist.emplace_back(enode, id);
+        worklist.emplace_back(id);
         hashcons.insert_or_assign(enode, id);
 
         return id;
@@ -190,12 +237,13 @@ private:
 
     // Looks up for an eclass from a given non-canonicalized `id`.
     // For a canonicalized eclass, use `get(find(id))` or `egraph[id]`.
-    EClass<L, typename N::Data>& get(Id id)
+    EClassT& get(Id id)
     {
+        LUAU_ASSERT(classes.count(id));
         return classes.at(id);
     }
 
-    void repair(EClass<L, typename N::Data>& eclass)
+    void repair(Id id)
     {
         // In the egg paper, the `repair` function makes use of two loops over the `eclass.parents`
         // by first erasing the old enode entry, and adding back the canonicalized enode with the canonical id.
@@ -204,26 +252,54 @@ private:
         // Here, we unify the two loops. I think it's equivalent?
 
         // After canonicalizing the enodes, the eclass may contain multiple enodes that are equivalent.
-        std::unordered_map<L, Id, typename L::Hash> map;
+        std::unordered_map<L, Id, typename L::Hash> newParents;
-        for (auto& [enode, id] : eclass.parents)
+
+        // The eclass can be deallocated if it is merged into another eclass, so
+        // we take what we need from it and avoid retaining a pointer.
+        std::vector<std::pair<L, Id>> parents = get(id).parents;
+        for (auto& pair : parents)
         {
+            L& enode = pair.first;
+            Id id = pair.second;
+
             // By removing the old enode from the hashcons map, we will always find our new canonicalized eclass id.
             hashcons.erase(enode);
             canonicalize(enode);
             hashcons.insert_or_assign(enode, find(id));
 
-            if (auto it = map.find(enode); it != map.end())
+            if (auto it = newParents.find(enode); it != newParents.end())
                 merge(id, it->second);
 
-            map.insert_or_assign(enode, find(id));
+            newParents.insert_or_assign(enode, find(id));
         }
 
-        eclass.parents.clear();
+        // We reacquire the pointer because the prior loop potentially merges
-        for (auto it = map.begin(); it != map.end();)
+        // the eclass into another, which might move it around in memory.
+        EClassT* eclass = &get(find(id));
+
+        eclass->parents.clear();
+
+        for (const auto& [node, id] : newParents)
+            eclass->parents.emplace_back(std::move(node), std::move(id));
+
+        std::unordered_set<L, typename L::Hash> newNodes;
+        for (L node : eclass->nodes)
         {
-            auto node = map.extract(it++);
+            canonicalize(node);
-            eclass.parents.emplace_back(std::move(node.key()), node.mapped());
+            newNodes.insert(std::move(node));
         }
+
+        eclass->nodes.assign(newNodes.begin(), newNodes.end());
+
+        // FIXME: Extract into sortByTag()
+        std::sort(
+            eclass->nodes.begin(),
+            eclass->nodes.end(),
+            [](const L& left, const L& right)
+            {
+                return left.index() < right.index();
+            }
+        );
     }
 };
 

EqSat/include/Luau/Id.h

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <functional>
 
 namespace Luau::EqSat
@@ -9,15 +10,17 @@ namespace Luau::EqSat
 
 struct Id final
 {
-    explicit Id(size_t id);
+    explicit Id(uint32_t id);
 
-    explicit operator size_t() const;
+    explicit operator uint32_t() const;
 
     bool operator==(Id rhs) const;
     bool operator!=(Id rhs) const;
 
+    bool operator<(Id rhs) const;
+
 private:
-    size_t id;
+    uint32_t id;
 };
 
 } // namespace Luau::EqSat

EqSat/include/Luau/Language.h

@@ -6,9 +6,19 @@
 #include "Luau/Slice.h"
 #include "Luau/Variant.h"
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
 #include <type_traits>
+#include <unordered_set>
 #include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#define LUAU_EQSAT_UNIT(name) \
+    struct name : ::Luau::EqSat::Unit<name> \
+    { \
+        static constexpr const char* tag = #name; \
+        using Unit::Unit; \
+    }
 
 #define LUAU_EQSAT_ATOM(name, t) \
     struct name : public ::Luau::EqSat::Atom<name, t> \
@@ -31,21 +41,57 @@
         using NodeVector::NodeVector; \
     }
 
-#define LUAU_EQSAT_FIELD(name) \
+#define LUAU_EQSAT_NODE_SET(name) \
-    struct name : public ::Luau::EqSat::Field<name> \
+    struct name : public ::Luau::EqSat::NodeSet<name, std::vector<::Luau::EqSat::Id>> \
-    { \
-    }
-
-#define LUAU_EQSAT_NODE_FIELDS(name, ...) \
-    struct name : public ::Luau::EqSat::NodeFields<name, __VA_ARGS__> \
     { \
         static constexpr const char* tag = #name; \
-        using NodeFields::NodeFields; \
+        using NodeSet::NodeSet; \
+    }
+
+#define LUAU_EQSAT_NODE_ATOM_WITH_VECTOR(name, t) \
+    struct name : public ::Luau::EqSat::NodeAtomAndVector<name, t, std::vector<::Luau::EqSat::Id>> \
+    { \
+        static constexpr const char* tag = #name; \
+        using NodeAtomAndVector::NodeAtomAndVector; \
     }
 
 namespace Luau::EqSat
 {
 
+template<typename Phantom>
+struct Unit
+{
+    Slice<Id> mutableOperands()
+    {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    Slice<const Id> operands() const
+    {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    bool operator==(const Unit& rhs) const
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(const Unit& rhs) const
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    struct Hash
+    {
+        size_t operator()(const Unit& value) const
+        {
+            // chosen by fair dice roll.
+            // guaranteed to be random.
+            return 4;
+        }
+    };
+};
+
 template<typename Phantom, typename T>
 struct Atom
 {
@@ -60,7 +106,7 @@ struct Atom
     }
 
 public:
-    Slice<Id> operands()
+    Slice<Id> mutableOperands()
     {
         return {};
     }
@@ -92,6 +138,62 @@ private:
     T _value;
 };
 
+template<typename Phantom, typename X, typename T>
+struct NodeAtomAndVector
+{
+    template<typename... Args>
+    NodeAtomAndVector(const X& value, Args&&... args)
+        : _value(value)
+        , vector{std::forward<Args>(args)...}
+    {
+    }
+
+    Id operator[](size_t i) const
+    {
+        return vector[i];
+    }
+
+public:
+    const X& value() const
+    {
+        return _value;
+    }
+
+    Slice<Id> mutableOperands()
+    {
+        return Slice{vector.data(), vector.size()};
+    }
+
+    Slice<const Id> operands() const
+    {
+        return Slice{vector.data(), vector.size()};
+    }
+
+    bool operator==(const NodeAtomAndVector& rhs) const
+    {
+        return _value == rhs._value && vector == rhs.vector;
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(const NodeAtomAndVector& rhs) const
+    {
+        return !(*this == rhs);
+    }
+
+    struct Hash
+    {
+        size_t operator()(const NodeAtomAndVector& value) const
+        {
+            size_t result = languageHash(value._value);
+            hashCombine(result, languageHash(value.vector));
+            return result;
+        }
+    };
+
+private:
+    X _value;
+    T vector;
+};
+
 template<typename Phantom, typename T>
 struct NodeVector
 {
@@ -107,7 +209,7 @@ struct NodeVector
     }
 
 public:
-    Slice<Id> operands()
+    Slice<Id> mutableOperands()
     {
         return Slice{vector.data(), vector.size()};
     }
@@ -139,90 +241,61 @@ private:
     T vector;
 };
 
-/// Empty base class just for static_asserts.
+template<typename Phantom, typename T>
-struct FieldBase
+struct NodeSet
 {
-    FieldBase() = delete;
+    template<typename... Args>
-
+    NodeSet(Args&&... args)
-    FieldBase(FieldBase&&) = delete;
+        : vector{std::forward<Args>(args)...}
-    FieldBase& operator=(FieldBase&&) = delete;
-
-    FieldBase(const FieldBase&) = delete;
-    FieldBase& operator=(const FieldBase&) = delete;
-};
-
-template<typename Phantom>
-struct Field : FieldBase
-{
-};
-
-template<typename Phantom, typename... Fields>
-struct NodeFields
-{
-    static_assert(std::conjunction<std::is_base_of<FieldBase, Fields>...>::value);
-
-    template<typename T>
-    static constexpr int getIndex()
     {
-        constexpr int N = sizeof...(Fields);
+        std::sort(begin(vector), end(vector));
-        constexpr bool is[N] = {std::is_same_v<std::decay_t<T>, Fields>...};
+        auto it = std::unique(begin(vector), end(vector));
+        vector.erase(it, end(vector));
+    }
 
-        for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+    Id operator[](size_t i) const
-            if (is[i])
+    {
-                return i;
+        return vector[i];
-
-        return -1;
     }
 
 public:
-    template<typename... Args>
+    Slice<Id> mutableOperands()
-    NodeFields(Args&&... args)
-        : array{std::forward<Args>(args)...}
     {
-    }
+        return Slice{vector.data(), vector.size()};
-
-    Slice<Id> operands()
-    {
-        return Slice{array};
     }
 
     Slice<const Id> operands() const
     {
-        return Slice{array.data(), array.size()};
+        return Slice{vector.data(), vector.size()};
     }
 
-    template<typename T>
+    bool operator==(const NodeSet& rhs) const
-    Id field() const
     {
-        static_assert(std::disjunction_v<std::is_same<std::decay_t<T>, Fields>...>);
+        return vector == rhs.vector;
-        return array[getIndex<T>()];
     }
 
-    bool operator==(const NodeFields& rhs) const
+    bool operator!=(const NodeSet& rhs) const
-    {
-        return array == rhs.array;
-    }
-
-    bool operator!=(const NodeFields& rhs) const
     {
         return !(*this == rhs);
     }
 
     struct Hash
     {
-        size_t operator()(const NodeFields& value) const
+        size_t operator()(const NodeSet& value) const
         {
-            return languageHash(value.array);
+            return languageHash(value.vector);
         }
     };
 
-private:
+protected:
-    std::array<Id, sizeof...(Fields)> array;
+    T vector;
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts>
 struct Language final
 {
+    using VariantTy = Luau::Variant<Ts...>;
+
     template<typename T>
     using WithinDomain = std::disjunction<std::is_same<std::decay_t<T>, Ts>...>;
 
@@ -237,14 +310,14 @@ struct Language final
         return v.index();
     }
 
-    /// You should never call this function with the intention of mutating the `Id`.
+    /// This should only be used in canonicalization!
-    /// Reading is ok, but you should also never assume that these `Id`s are stable.
+    /// Always prefer operands()
-    Slice<Id> operands() noexcept
+    Slice<Id> mutableOperands() noexcept
     {
         return visit(
             [](auto&& v) -> Slice<Id>
             {
-                return v.operands();
+                return v.mutableOperands();
             },
             v
         );
@@ -306,7 +379,7 @@ public:
     };
 
 private:
-    Variant<Ts...> v;
+    VariantTy v;
 };
 
 } // namespace Luau::EqSat

EqSat/include/Luau/LanguageHash.h

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <functional>
+#include <unordered_set>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace Luau::EqSat

EqSat/include/Luau/UnionFind.h

@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ struct UnionFind final
     Id makeSet();
     Id find(Id id) const;
     Id find(Id id);
-    void merge(Id a, Id b);
+
+    // Merge aSet with bSet and return the canonicalized Id into the merged set.
+    Id merge(Id aSet, Id bSet);
 
 private:
     std::vector<Id> parents;

EqSat/src/Id.cpp

@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
 // This file is part of the Luau programming language and is licensed under MIT License; see LICENSE.txt for details
 #include "Luau/Id.h"
+#include "Luau/Common.h"
 
 namespace Luau::EqSat
 {
 
-Id::Id(size_t id)
+Id::Id(uint32_t id)
     : id(id)
 {
 }
 
-Id::operator size_t() const
+Id::operator uint32_t() const
 {
     return id;
 }
@@ -24,9 +25,14 @@ bool Id::operator!=(Id rhs) const
     return id != rhs.id;
 }
 
+bool Id::operator<(Id rhs) const
+{
+    return id < rhs.id;
+}
+
 } // namespace Luau::EqSat
 
 size_t std::hash<Luau::EqSat::Id>::operator()(Luau::EqSat::Id id) const
 {
-    return std::hash<size_t>()(size_t(id));
+    return std::hash<uint32_t>()(uint32_t(id));
 }

EqSat/src/UnionFind.cpp

@@ -3,12 +3,16 @@
 
 #include "Luau/Common.h"
 
+#include <limits>
+
 namespace Luau::EqSat
 {
 
 Id UnionFind::makeSet()
 {
-    Id id{parents.size()};
+    LUAU_ASSERT(parents.size() < std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max());
+
+    Id id{uint32_t(parents.size())};
     parents.push_back(id);
     ranks.push_back(0);
 
@@ -25,42 +29,44 @@ Id UnionFind::find(Id id)
     Id set = canonicalize(id);
 
     // An e-class id 𝑎 is canonical iff find(𝑎) = 𝑎.
-    while (id != parents[size_t(id)])
+    while (id != parents[uint32_t(id)])
     {
         // Note: we don't update the ranks here since a rank
         // represents the upper bound on the maximum depth of a tree
-        Id parent = parents[size_t(id)];
+        Id parent = parents[uint32_t(id)];
-        parents[size_t(id)] = set;
+        parents[uint32_t(id)] = set;
         id = parent;
     }
 
     return set;
 }
 
-void UnionFind::merge(Id a, Id b)
+Id UnionFind::merge(Id a, Id b)
 {
     Id aSet = find(a);
     Id bSet = find(b);
     if (aSet == bSet)
-        return;
+        return aSet;
 
     // Ensure that the rank of set A is greater than the rank of set B
-    if (ranks[size_t(aSet)] < ranks[size_t(bSet)])
+    if (ranks[uint32_t(aSet)] > ranks[uint32_t(bSet)])
         std::swap(aSet, bSet);
 
-    parents[size_t(bSet)] = aSet;
+    parents[uint32_t(bSet)] = aSet;
 
-    if (ranks[size_t(aSet)] == ranks[size_t(bSet)])
+    if (ranks[uint32_t(aSet)] == ranks[uint32_t(bSet)])
-        ranks[size_t(aSet)]++;
+        ranks[uint32_t(aSet)]++;
+
+    return aSet;
 }
 
 Id UnionFind::canonicalize(Id id) const
 {
-    LUAU_ASSERT(size_t(id) < parents.size());
+    LUAU_ASSERT(uint32_t(id) < parents.size());
 
     // An e-class id 𝑎 is canonical iff find(𝑎) = 𝑎.
-    while (id != parents[size_t(id)])
+    while (id != parents[uint32_t(id)])
-        id = parents[size_t(id)];
+        id = parents[uint32_t(id)];
 
     return id;
 }

Sources.cmake

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ endif()
 
 # Luau.Ast Sources
 target_sources(Luau.Ast PRIVATE
+    Ast/include/Luau/Allocator.h
     Ast/include/Luau/Ast.h
     Ast/include/Luau/Confusables.h
     Ast/include/Luau/Lexer.h
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ target_sources(Luau.Ast PRIVATE
     Ast/include/Luau/StringUtils.h
     Ast/include/Luau/TimeTrace.h
 
+    Ast/src/Allocator.cpp
     Ast/src/Ast.cpp
     Ast/src/Confusables.cpp
     Ast/src/Lexer.cpp
@@ -168,6 +170,7 @@ target_sources(Luau.Analysis PRIVATE
     Analysis/include/Luau/AstJsonEncoder.h
     Analysis/include/Luau/AstQuery.h
     Analysis/include/Luau/Autocomplete.h
+    Analysis/include/Luau/AutocompleteTypes.h
     Analysis/include/Luau/BuiltinDefinitions.h
     Analysis/include/Luau/Cancellation.h
     Analysis/include/Luau/Clone.h
@@ -181,6 +184,7 @@ target_sources(Luau.Analysis PRIVATE
     Analysis/include/Luau/Differ.h
     Analysis/include/Luau/Documentation.h
     Analysis/include/Luau/Error.h
+    Analysis/include/Luau/EqSatSimplification.h
     Analysis/include/Luau/FileResolver.h
     Analysis/include/Luau/FragmentAutocomplete.h
     Analysis/include/Luau/Frontend.h
@@ -245,6 +249,7 @@ target_sources(Luau.Analysis PRIVATE
     Analysis/src/AstJsonEncoder.cpp
     Analysis/src/AstQuery.cpp
     Analysis/src/Autocomplete.cpp
+    Analysis/src/AutocompleteCore.cpp
     Analysis/src/BuiltinDefinitions.cpp
     Analysis/src/Clone.cpp
     Analysis/src/Constraint.cpp
@@ -256,6 +261,7 @@ target_sources(Luau.Analysis PRIVATE
     Analysis/src/Differ.cpp
     Analysis/src/EmbeddedBuiltinDefinitions.cpp
     Analysis/src/Error.cpp
+    Analysis/src/EqSatSimplification.cpp
     Analysis/src/FragmentAutocomplete.cpp
     Analysis/src/Frontend.cpp
     Analysis/src/Generalization.cpp
@@ -444,6 +450,7 @@ if(TARGET Luau.UnitTest)
         tests/EqSat.language.test.cpp
         tests/EqSat.propositional.test.cpp
         tests/EqSat.slice.test.cpp
+        tests/EqSatSimplification.test.cpp
         tests/Error.test.cpp
         tests/Fixture.cpp
         tests/Fixture.h

VM/src/lapi.cpp

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ const char* lua_ident = "$Lua: Lua 5.1.4 Copyright (C) 1994-2008 Lua.org, PUC-Ri
                         "$Authors: R. Ierusalimschy, L. H. de Figueiredo & W. Celes $\n"
                         "$URL: www.lua.org $\n";
 
-const char* luau_ident = "$Luau: Copyright (C) 2019-2023 Roblox Corporation $\n"
+const char* luau_ident = "$Luau: Copyright (C) 2019-2024 Roblox Corporation $\n"
                          "$URL: luau.org $\n";
 
 #define api_checknelems(L, n) api_check(L, (n) <= (L->top - L->base))

tests/AstJsonEncoder.test.cpp

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ TEST_CASE("encode_constants")
     charString.data = const_cast<char*>("a\x1d\0\\\"b");
     charString.size = 6;
 
-    AstExprConstantString needsEscaping{Location(), charString};
+    AstExprConstantString needsEscaping{Location(), charString, AstExprConstantString::QuotedSimple};
 
     CHECK_EQ(R"({"type":"AstExprConstantNil","location":"0,0 - 0,0"})", toJson(&nil));
     CHECK_EQ(R"({"type":"AstExprConstantBool","location":"0,0 - 0,0","value":true})", toJson(&b));
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ TEST_CASE("basic_escaping")
 {
     std::string s = "hello \"world\"";
     AstArray<char> theString{s.data(), s.size()};
-    AstExprConstantString str{Location(), theString};
+    AstExprConstantString str{Location(), theString, AstExprConstantString::QuotedSimple};
 
     std::string expected = R"({"type":"AstExprConstantString","location":"0,0 - 0,0","value":"hello \"world\""})";
     CHECK_EQ(expected, toJson(&str));

tests/Autocomplete.test.cpp

@@ -151,40 +151,6 @@ struct ACBuiltinsFixture : ACFixtureImpl<BuiltinsFixture>
 {
 };
 
-#define LUAU_CHECK_HAS_KEY(map, key) \
-    do \
-    { \
-        auto&& _m = (map); \
-        auto&& _k = (key); \
-        const size_t count = _m.count(_k); \
-        CHECK_MESSAGE(count, "Map should have key \"" << _k << "\""); \
-        if (!count) \
-        { \
-            MESSAGE("Keys: (count " << _m.size() << ")"); \
-            for (const auto& [k, v] : _m) \
-            { \
-                MESSAGE("\tkey: " << k); \
-            } \
-        } \
-    } while (false)
-
-#define LUAU_CHECK_HAS_NO_KEY(map, key) \
-    do \
-    { \
-        auto&& _m = (map); \
-        auto&& _k = (key); \
-        const size_t count = _m.count(_k); \
-        CHECK_MESSAGE(!count, "Map should not have key \"" << _k << "\""); \
-        if (count) \
-        { \
-            MESSAGE("Keys: (count " << _m.size() << ")"); \
-            for (const auto& [k, v] : _m) \
-            { \
-                MESSAGE("\tkey: " << k); \
-            } \
-        } \
-    } while (false)
-
 TEST_SUITE_BEGIN("AutocompleteTest");
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ACFixture, "empty_program")

tests/Config.test.cpp

@@ -58,7 +58,11 @@ TEST_CASE("report_a_syntax_error")
 TEST_CASE("noinfer_is_still_allowed")
 {
     Config config;
-    auto err = parseConfig(R"( {"language": {"mode": "noinfer"}} )", config, true);
+
+    ConfigOptions opts;
+    opts.compat = true;
+
+    auto err = parseConfig(R"( {"language": {"mode": "noinfer"}} )", config, opts);
     REQUIRE(!err);
 
     CHECK_EQ(int(Luau::Mode::NoCheck), int(config.mode));
@@ -147,6 +151,10 @@ TEST_CASE("extra_globals")
 TEST_CASE("lint_rules_compat")
 {
     Config config;
+
+    ConfigOptions opts;
+    opts.compat = true;
+
     auto err = parseConfig(
         R"(
         {"lint": {
@@ -156,7 +164,7 @@ TEST_CASE("lint_rules_compat")
         }}
     )",
         config,
-        true
+        opts
     );
     REQUIRE(!err);
 

tests/ConstraintGeneratorFixture.cpp

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ namespace Luau
 ConstraintGeneratorFixture::ConstraintGeneratorFixture()
     : Fixture()
     , mainModule(new Module)
+    , simplifier(newSimplifier(NotNull{&arena}, builtinTypes))
     , forceTheFlag{FFlag::LuauSolverV2, true}
 {
     mainModule->name = "MainModule";
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ void ConstraintGeneratorFixture::generateConstraints(const std::string& code)
     cg = std::make_unique<ConstraintGenerator>(
         mainModule,
         NotNull{&normalizer},
+        NotNull{simplifier.get()},
         NotNull{&typeFunctionRuntime},
         NotNull(&moduleResolver),
         builtinTypes,
@@ -44,8 +46,19 @@ void ConstraintGeneratorFixture::solve(const std::string& code)
 {
     generateConstraints(code);
     ConstraintSolver cs{
-        NotNull{&normalizer}, NotNull{&typeFunctionRuntime}, NotNull{rootScope}, constraints, "MainModule", NotNull(&moduleResolver), {}, &logger, NotNull{dfg.get()}, {}
+        NotNull{&normalizer},
+        NotNull{simplifier.get()},
+        NotNull{&typeFunctionRuntime},
+        NotNull{rootScope},
+        constraints,
+        "MainModule",
+        NotNull(&moduleResolver),
+        {},
+        &logger,
+        NotNull{dfg.get()},
+        {}
     };
+
     cs.run();
 }
 

tests/ConstraintGeneratorFixture.h

@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@
 #include "Luau/ConstraintGenerator.h"
 #include "Luau/ConstraintSolver.h"
 #include "Luau/DcrLogger.h"
-#include "Luau/TypeArena.h"
+#include "Luau/EqSatSimplification.h"
 #include "Luau/Module.h"
+#include "Luau/TypeArena.h"
 
 #include "Fixture.h"
 #include "ScopedFlags.h"
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ struct ConstraintGeneratorFixture : Fixture
     DcrLogger logger;
     UnifierSharedState sharedState{&ice};
     Normalizer normalizer{&arena, builtinTypes, NotNull{&sharedState}};
+    SimplifierPtr simplifier;
     TypeCheckLimits limits;
     TypeFunctionRuntime typeFunctionRuntime{NotNull{&ice}, NotNull{&limits}};
 

tests/EqSat.language.test.cpp

@@ -11,9 +11,7 @@ LUAU_EQSAT_ATOM(I32, int);
 LUAU_EQSAT_ATOM(Bool, bool);
 LUAU_EQSAT_ATOM(Str, std::string);
 
-LUAU_EQSAT_FIELD(Left);
+LUAU_EQSAT_NODE_ARRAY(Add, 2);
-LUAU_EQSAT_FIELD(Right);
-LUAU_EQSAT_NODE_FIELDS(Add, Left, Right);
 
 using namespace Luau;
 
@@ -117,8 +115,8 @@ TEST_CASE("node_field")
 
     Add add{left, right};
 
-    EqSat::Id left2 = add.field<Left>();
+    EqSat::Id left2 = add.operands()[0];
-    EqSat::Id right2 = add.field<Right>();
+    EqSat::Id right2 = add.operands()[1];
 
     CHECK(left == left2);
     CHECK(left != right2);
@@ -135,10 +133,10 @@ TEST_CASE("language_operands")
     const Add* add = v2.get<Add>();
     REQUIRE(add);
 
-    EqSat::Slice<EqSat::Id> actual = v2.operands();
+    EqSat::Slice<const EqSat::Id> actual = v2.operands();
     CHECK(actual.size() == 2);
-    CHECK(actual[0] == add->field<Left>());
+    CHECK(actual[0] == add->operands()[0]);
-    CHECK(actual[1] == add->field<Right>());
+    CHECK(actual[1] == add->operands()[1]);
 }
 
 TEST_SUITE_END();

tests/EqSatSimplification.test.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,728 @@
+// This file is part of the Luau programming language and is licensed under MIT License; see LICENSE.txt for details
+
+#include "Fixture.h"
+
+#include "Luau/EqSatSimplification.h"
+
+using namespace Luau;
+
+struct ESFixture : Fixture
+{
+    ScopedFastFlag newSolverOnly{FFlag::LuauSolverV2, true};
+
+    TypeArena arena_;
+    const NotNull<TypeArena> arena{&arena_};
+
+    SimplifierPtr simplifier;
+
+    TypeId parentClass;
+    TypeId childClass;
+    TypeId anotherChild;
+    TypeId unrelatedClass;
+
+    TypeId genericT = arena_.addType(GenericType{"T"});
+    TypeId genericU = arena_.addType(GenericType{"U"});
+
+    TypeId numberToString = arena_.addType(FunctionType{
+        arena_.addTypePack({builtinTypes->numberType}),
+        arena_.addTypePack({builtinTypes->stringType})
+    });
+
+    TypeId stringToNumber = arena_.addType(FunctionType{
+        arena_.addTypePack({builtinTypes->stringType}),
+        arena_.addTypePack({builtinTypes->numberType})
+    });
+
+    ESFixture()
+        : simplifier(newSimplifier(arena, builtinTypes))
+    {
+        createSomeClasses(&frontend);
+
+        ScopePtr moduleScope = frontend.globals.globalScope;
+
+        parentClass = moduleScope->linearSearchForBinding("Parent")->typeId;
+        childClass = moduleScope->linearSearchForBinding("Child")->typeId;
+        anotherChild = moduleScope->linearSearchForBinding("AnotherChild")->typeId;
+        unrelatedClass = moduleScope->linearSearchForBinding("Unrelated")->typeId;
+    }
+
+    std::optional<std::string> simplifyStr(TypeId ty)
+    {
+        auto res = eqSatSimplify(NotNull{simplifier.get()}, ty);
+        LUAU_ASSERT(res);
+        return toString(res->result);
+    }
+
+    TypeId tbl(TableType::Props props)
+    {
+        return arena->addType(TableType{std::move(props), std::nullopt, TypeLevel{}, TableState::Sealed});
+    }
+};
+
+TEST_SUITE_BEGIN("EqSatSimplification");
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "primitive")
+{
+    CHECK("number" == simplifyStr(builtinTypes->numberType));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "number | number")
+{
+    TypeId ty = arena->addType(UnionType{{builtinTypes->numberType, builtinTypes->numberType}});
+
+    CHECK("number" == simplifyStr(ty));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "number | string")
+{
+    CHECK("number | string" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(UnionType{{builtinTypes->numberType, builtinTypes->stringType}})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "t1 where t1 = number | t1")
+{
+    TypeId ty = arena->freshType(nullptr);
+    asMutable(ty)->ty.emplace<UnionType>(std::vector<TypeId>{builtinTypes->numberType, ty});
+
+    CHECK("number" == simplifyStr(ty));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "number | string | number")
+{
+    TypeId ty = arena->addType(UnionType{{builtinTypes->numberType, builtinTypes->stringType, builtinTypes->numberType}});
+
+    CHECK("number | string" == simplifyStr(ty));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "string | (number | string) | number")
+{
+    TypeId u1 = arena->addType(UnionType{{builtinTypes->numberType, builtinTypes->stringType}});
+    TypeId u2 = arena->addType(UnionType{{builtinTypes->stringType, u1, builtinTypes->numberType}});
+
+    CHECK("number | string" == simplifyStr(u2));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "string | any")
+{
+    CHECK("any" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(UnionType{{builtinTypes->stringType, builtinTypes->anyType}})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "any | string")
+{
+    CHECK("any" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(UnionType{{builtinTypes->anyType, builtinTypes->stringType}})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "any | never")
+{
+    CHECK("any" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(UnionType{{builtinTypes->anyType, builtinTypes->neverType}})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "string | unknown")
+{
+    CHECK("unknown" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(UnionType{{builtinTypes->stringType, builtinTypes->unknownType}})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "unknown | string")
+{
+    CHECK("unknown" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(UnionType{{builtinTypes->unknownType, builtinTypes->stringType}})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "unknown | never")
+{
+    CHECK("unknown" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(UnionType{{builtinTypes->unknownType, builtinTypes->neverType}})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "string | never")
+{
+    CHECK("string" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(UnionType{{builtinTypes->stringType, builtinTypes->neverType}})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "string | never | number")
+{
+    CHECK("number | string" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(UnionType{{builtinTypes->stringType, builtinTypes->neverType, builtinTypes->numberType}})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "string & string")
+{
+    CHECK("string" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{builtinTypes->stringType, builtinTypes->stringType}})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "string & number")
+{
+    CHECK("never" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{builtinTypes->stringType, builtinTypes->numberType}})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "string & unknown")
+{
+    CHECK("string" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{builtinTypes->stringType, builtinTypes->unknownType}})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "never & string")
+{
+    CHECK("never" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{builtinTypes->neverType, builtinTypes->stringType}})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "string & (unknown | never)")
+{
+    CHECK("string" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{
+        builtinTypes->stringType,
+        arena->addType(UnionType{{builtinTypes->unknownType, builtinTypes->neverType}})
+    }})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "true | false")
+{
+    CHECK("boolean" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(UnionType{{builtinTypes->trueType, builtinTypes->falseType}})));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Intuitively, if we have a type like
+ *
+ * x where x = A & B & (C | D | x)
+ *
+ * We know that x is certainly not larger than A & B.
+ * We also know that the union (C | D | x) can be rewritten `(C | D | (A & B & (C | D | x)))
+ * This tells us that the union part is not smaller than A & B.
+ * We can therefore discard the union entirely and simplify this type to A & B
+ */
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "t1 where t1 = string & (number | t1)")
+{
+    TypeId intersectionTy = arena->addType(BlockedType{});
+    TypeId unionTy = arena->addType(UnionType{{builtinTypes->numberType, intersectionTy}});
+
+    asMutable(intersectionTy)->ty.emplace<IntersectionType>(std::vector<TypeId>{builtinTypes->stringType, unionTy});
+
+    CHECK("string" == simplifyStr(intersectionTy));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "t1 where t1 = string & (unknown | t1)")
+{
+    TypeId intersectionTy = arena->addType(BlockedType{});
+    TypeId unionTy = arena->addType(UnionType{{builtinTypes->unknownType, intersectionTy}});
+
+    asMutable(intersectionTy)->ty.emplace<IntersectionType>(std::vector<TypeId>{builtinTypes->stringType, unionTy});
+
+    CHECK("string" == simplifyStr(intersectionTy));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "error | unknown")
+{
+    CHECK("any" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(UnionType{{builtinTypes->errorType, builtinTypes->unknownType}})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "\"hello\" | string")
+{
+    CHECK("string" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(UnionType{{
+        arena->addType(SingletonType{StringSingleton{"hello"}}), builtinTypes->stringType
+    }})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "\"hello\" | \"world\" | \"hello\"")
+{
+    CHECK("\"hello\" | \"world\"" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(UnionType{{
+        arena->addType(SingletonType{StringSingleton{"hello"}}),
+        arena->addType(SingletonType{StringSingleton{"world"}}),
+        arena->addType(SingletonType{StringSingleton{"hello"}}),
+    }})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "nil | boolean | number | string | thread | function | table | class | buffer")
+{
+    CHECK("unknown" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(UnionType{{
+        builtinTypes->nilType,
+        builtinTypes->booleanType,
+        builtinTypes->numberType,
+        builtinTypes->stringType,
+        builtinTypes->threadType,
+        builtinTypes->functionType,
+        builtinTypes->tableType,
+        builtinTypes->classType,
+        builtinTypes->bufferType,
+    }})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "Parent & number")
+{
+    CHECK("never" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{
+        parentClass, builtinTypes->numberType
+    }})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "Child & Parent")
+{
+    CHECK("Child" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{
+        childClass, parentClass
+    }})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "Child & Unrelated")
+{
+    CHECK("never" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{
+        childClass, unrelatedClass
+    }})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "Child | Parent")
+{
+    CHECK("Parent" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(UnionType{{
+        childClass, parentClass
+    }})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "class | Child")
+{
+    CHECK("class" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(UnionType{{
+        builtinTypes->classType, childClass
+    }})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "Parent | class | Child")
+{
+    CHECK("class" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(UnionType{{
+        parentClass, builtinTypes->classType, childClass
+    }})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "Parent | Unrelated")
+{
+    CHECK("Parent | Unrelated" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(UnionType{{
+        parentClass, unrelatedClass
+    }})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "never | Parent | Unrelated")
+{
+    CHECK("Parent | Unrelated" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(UnionType{{
+        builtinTypes->neverType, parentClass, unrelatedClass
+    }})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "never | Parent | (number & string) | Unrelated")
+{
+    CHECK("Parent | Unrelated" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(UnionType{{
+        builtinTypes->neverType, parentClass,
+        arena->addType(IntersectionType{{builtinTypes->numberType, builtinTypes->stringType}}),
+        unrelatedClass
+    }})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "T & U")
+{
+    CHECK("T & U" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{
+        genericT, genericU
+    }})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "boolean & true")
+{
+    CHECK("true" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{
+        builtinTypes->booleanType, builtinTypes->trueType
+    }})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "boolean & (true | number | string | thread | function | table | class | buffer)")
+{
+    TypeId truthy = arena->addType(UnionType{{
+        builtinTypes->trueType,
+        builtinTypes->numberType,
+        builtinTypes->stringType,
+        builtinTypes->threadType,
+        builtinTypes->functionType,
+        builtinTypes->tableType,
+        builtinTypes->classType,
+        builtinTypes->bufferType,
+    }});
+
+    CHECK("true" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{
+        builtinTypes->booleanType, truthy
+    }})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "boolean & ~(false?)")
+{
+    CHECK("true" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{
+        builtinTypes->booleanType, builtinTypes->truthyType
+    }})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "false & ~(false?)")
+{
+    CHECK("never" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{
+        builtinTypes->falseType, builtinTypes->truthyType
+    }})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "(number) -> string & (number) -> string")
+{
+    CHECK("(number) -> string" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{numberToString, numberToString}})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "(number) -> string | (number) -> string")
+{
+    CHECK("(number) -> string" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(UnionType{{numberToString, numberToString}})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "(number) -> string & function")
+{
+    CHECK("(number) -> string" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{numberToString, builtinTypes->functionType}})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "(number) -> string & boolean")
+{
+    CHECK("never" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{numberToString, builtinTypes->booleanType}})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "(number) -> string & string")
+{
+    CHECK("never" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{numberToString, builtinTypes->stringType}})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "(number) -> string & ~function")
+{
+    TypeId notFunction = arena->addType(NegationType{builtinTypes->functionType});
+    CHECK("never" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{numberToString, notFunction}})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "(number) -> string | function")
+{
+    CHECK("function" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(UnionType{{numberToString, builtinTypes->functionType}})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "(number) -> string & (string) -> number")
+{
+    CHECK("((number) -> string) & ((string) -> number)" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{numberToString, stringToNumber}})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "(number) -> string | (string) -> number")
+{
+    CHECK("((number) -> string) | ((string) -> number)" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(UnionType{{numberToString, stringToNumber}})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "add<number, number>")
+{
+    CHECK("number" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(
+        TypeFunctionInstanceType{builtinTypeFunctions().addFunc, {
+            builtinTypes->numberType, builtinTypes->numberType
+        }}
+    )));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "union<number, number>")
+{
+    CHECK("number" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(
+        TypeFunctionInstanceType{builtinTypeFunctions().unionFunc, {
+            builtinTypes->numberType, builtinTypes->numberType
+        }}
+    )));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "never & ~string")
+{
+    CHECK("never" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{
+        builtinTypes->neverType,
+        arena->addType(NegationType{builtinTypes->stringType})
+    }})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "blocked & never")
+{
+    const TypeId blocked = arena->addType(BlockedType{});
+
+    CHECK("never" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{blocked, builtinTypes->neverType}})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "blocked & ~number & function")
+{
+    const TypeId blocked = arena->addType(BlockedType{});
+    const TypeId notNumber = arena->addType(NegationType{builtinTypes->numberType});
+
+    const TypeId ty = arena->addType(IntersectionType{{blocked, notNumber, builtinTypes->functionType}});
+
+    std::string expected = toString(blocked) + " & function";
+
+    CHECK(expected == simplifyStr(ty));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "(number | boolean | string | nil | table) & (false | nil)")
+{
+    const TypeId t1 = arena->addType(UnionType{{builtinTypes->numberType, builtinTypes->booleanType, builtinTypes->stringType, builtinTypes->nilType, builtinTypes->tableType}});
+
+    CHECK("false?" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{t1, builtinTypes->falsyType}})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "(number | boolean | nil) & (false | nil)")
+{
+    const TypeId t1 = arena->addType(UnionType{{builtinTypes->numberType, builtinTypes->booleanType, builtinTypes->nilType}});
+
+    CHECK("false?" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{t1, builtinTypes->falsyType}})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "(boolean | nil) & (false | nil)")
+{
+    const TypeId t1 = arena->addType(UnionType{{builtinTypes->booleanType, builtinTypes->nilType}});
+
+    CHECK("false?" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{t1, builtinTypes->falsyType}})));
+}
+
+// (('a & false) | ('a & nil)) | number
+
+// Child & ~Parent
+// ~Parent & Child
+// ~Child & Parent
+// Parent & ~Child
+// ~Child & ~Parent
+// ~Parent & ~Child
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "free & string & number")
+{
+    Scope scope{builtinTypes->anyTypePack};
+    const TypeId freeTy = arena->addType(FreeType{&scope});
+
+    CHECK("never" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{freeTy, builtinTypes->numberType, builtinTypes->stringType}})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "(blocked & number) | (blocked & number)")
+{
+    const TypeId blocked = arena->addType(BlockedType{});
+    const TypeId u = arena->addType(IntersectionType{{blocked, builtinTypes->numberType}});
+    const TypeId ty = arena->addType(UnionType{{u, u}});
+
+    const std::string blockedStr = toString(blocked);
+
+    CHECK(blockedStr + " & number" == simplifyStr(ty));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "{} & unknown")
+{
+    CHECK("{  }" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{
+        tbl({}),
+        builtinTypes->unknownType
+    }})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "{} & table")
+{
+    CHECK("{  }" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{
+        tbl({}),
+        builtinTypes->tableType
+    }})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "{} & ~(false?)")
+{
+    CHECK("{  }" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{
+        tbl({}),
+        builtinTypes->truthyType
+    }})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "{x: number?} & {x: number}")
+{
+    const TypeId hasOptionalX = tbl({{"x", builtinTypes->optionalNumberType}});
+    const TypeId hasX = tbl({{"x", builtinTypes->numberType}});
+
+    const TypeId ty = arena->addType(IntersectionType{{hasOptionalX, hasX}});
+    auto res = eqSatSimplify(NotNull{simplifier.get()}, ty);
+
+    CHECK("{ x: number }" == toString(res->result));
+
+    // Also assert that we don't allocate a fresh TableType in this case.
+    CHECK(follow(res->result) == hasX);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "{x: number?} & {x: ~(false?)}")
+{
+    const TypeId hasOptionalX = tbl({{"x", builtinTypes->optionalNumberType}});
+    const TypeId hasX = tbl({{"x", builtinTypes->truthyType}});
+
+    const TypeId ty = arena->addType(IntersectionType{{hasOptionalX, hasX}});
+    auto res = eqSatSimplify(NotNull{simplifier.get()}, ty);
+
+    CHECK("{ x: number }" == toString(res->result));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "(({ x: number? }?) & { x: ~(false?) }")
+{
+    // {x: number?}?
+    const TypeId xWithOptionalNumber = arena->addType(UnionType{{tbl({{"x", builtinTypes->optionalNumberType}}), builtinTypes->nilType}});
+
+    // {x: ~(false?)}
+    const TypeId xWithTruthy = tbl({{"x", builtinTypes->truthyType}});
+
+    const TypeId ty = arena->addType(IntersectionType{{xWithOptionalNumber, xWithTruthy}});
+
+    CHECK("{ x: number }" == simplifyStr(ty));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "never | (({ x: number? }?) & { x: ~(false?) })")
+{
+    // {x: number?}?
+    const TypeId xWithOptionalNumber = arena->addType(UnionType{{tbl({{"x", builtinTypes->optionalNumberType}}), builtinTypes->nilType}});
+
+    // {x: ~(false?)}
+    const TypeId xWithTruthy = tbl({{"x", builtinTypes->truthyType}});
+
+    // ({x: number?}?) & {x: ~(false?)}
+    const TypeId intersectionTy = arena->addType(IntersectionType{{xWithOptionalNumber, xWithTruthy}});
+
+    const TypeId ty = arena->addType(UnionType{{builtinTypes->neverType, intersectionTy}});
+
+    CHECK("{ x: number }" == simplifyStr(ty));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "({ x: number? }?) & { x: ~(false?) } & ~(false?)")
+{
+    // {x: number?}?
+    const TypeId xWithOptionalNumber = arena->addType(UnionType{{tbl({{"x", builtinTypes->optionalNumberType}}), builtinTypes->nilType}});
+
+    // {x: ~(false?)}
+    const TypeId xWithTruthy = tbl({{"x", builtinTypes->truthyType}});
+
+    // ({x: number?}?) & {x: ~(false?)} & ~(false?)
+    const TypeId intersectionTy = arena->addType(IntersectionType{{xWithOptionalNumber, xWithTruthy, builtinTypes->truthyType}});
+
+    CHECK("{ x: number }" == simplifyStr(intersectionTy));
+}
+
+#if 0
+// TODO
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "(({ x: number? }?) & { x: ~(false?) } & ~(false?)) | number")
+{
+    // ({ x: number? }?) & { x: ~(false?) } & ~(false?)
+    const TypeId xWithOptionalNumber = tbl({{"x", builtinTypes->optionalNumberType}});
+    const TypeId xWithTruthy = tbl({{"x", builtinTypes->truthyType}});
+    const TypeId intersectionTy = arena->addType(IntersectionType{{xWithOptionalNumber, xWithTruthy, builtinTypes->truthyType}});
+    const TypeId ty = arena->addType(UnionType{{intersectionTy, builtinTypes->numberType}});
+
+    CHECK("{ x: number } | number" == simplifyStr(ty));
+}
+#endif
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "number & no-refine")
+{
+    CHECK("number" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{builtinTypes->numberType, builtinTypes->noRefineType}})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "{ x: number } & ~boolean")
+{
+    const TypeId tblTy = tbl(TableType::Props{{"x", builtinTypes->numberType}});
+
+    const TypeId ty = arena->addType(IntersectionType{{
+        tblTy,
+        arena->addType(NegationType{builtinTypes->booleanType})
+    }});
+
+    CHECK("{ x: number }" == simplifyStr(ty));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "(nil & string)?")
+{
+    const TypeId nilAndString = arena->addType(IntersectionType{{builtinTypes->nilType, builtinTypes->stringType}});
+    const TypeId ty = arena->addType(UnionType{{nilAndString, builtinTypes->nilType}});
+
+    CHECK("nil" == simplifyStr(ty));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "string & \"hi\"")
+{
+    const TypeId hi = arena->addType(SingletonType{StringSingleton{"hi"}});
+
+    CHECK("\"hi\"" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{builtinTypes->stringType, hi}})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "string & (\"hi\" | \"bye\")")
+{
+    const TypeId hi = arena->addType(SingletonType{StringSingleton{"hi"}});
+    const TypeId bye = arena->addType(SingletonType{StringSingleton{"bye"}});
+
+    CHECK("\"bye\" | \"hi\"" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{
+        builtinTypes->stringType,
+        arena->addType(UnionType{{hi, bye}})
+    }})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "(Child | Unrelated) & ~Child")
+{
+    const TypeId ty = arena->addType(IntersectionType{{
+        arena->addType(UnionType{{childClass, unrelatedClass}}),
+        arena->addType(NegationType{childClass})
+    }});
+
+    CHECK("Unrelated" == simplifyStr(ty));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "string & ~Child")
+{
+    CHECK("string" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{
+        builtinTypes->stringType,
+        arena->addType(NegationType{childClass})
+    }})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "(Child | Unrelated) & Child")
+{
+    CHECK("Child" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{
+        arena->addType(UnionType{{childClass, unrelatedClass}}),
+        childClass
+    }})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "(Child | AnotherChild) & ~Child")
+{
+    CHECK("Child" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{
+        arena->addType(UnionType{{childClass, anotherChild}}),
+        childClass
+    }})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "{ tag: \"Part\", x: never }")
+{
+    const TypeId ty = tbl({{"tag", arena->addType(SingletonType{StringSingleton{"Part"}})}, {"x", builtinTypes->neverType}});
+
+    CHECK("never" == simplifyStr(ty));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "{ tag: \"Part\", x: number? } & { x: string }")
+{
+    const TypeId leftTable = tbl({{"tag", arena->addType(SingletonType{StringSingleton{"Part"}})}, {"x", builtinTypes->optionalNumberType}});
+    const TypeId rightTable = tbl({{"x", builtinTypes->stringType}});
+
+    CHECK("never" == simplifyStr(arena->addType(IntersectionType{{leftTable, rightTable}})));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "Child & add<Child | AnotherChild | string, Parent>")
+{
+    const TypeId u = arena->addType(UnionType{{childClass, anotherChild, builtinTypes->stringType}});
+    const TypeId intersectTf = arena->addType(TypeFunctionInstanceType{
+        builtinTypeFunctions().addFunc,
+        {u, parentClass},
+        {}
+    });
+
+    const TypeId intersection = arena->addType(IntersectionType{{childClass, intersectTf}});
+
+    CHECK("Child & add<AnotherChild | Child | string, Parent>" == simplifyStr(intersection));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ESFixture, "Child & intersect<Child | AnotherChild | string, Parent>")
+{
+    const TypeId u = arena->addType(UnionType{{childClass, anotherChild, builtinTypes->stringType}});
+    const TypeId intersectTf = arena->addType(TypeFunctionInstanceType{
+        builtinTypeFunctions().intersectFunc,
+        {u, parentClass},
+        {}
+    });
+
+    const TypeId intersection = arena->addType(IntersectionType{{childClass, intersectTf}});
+
+    CHECK("Child" == simplifyStr(intersection));
+}
+
+// {someKey: ~any}
+//
+// Maybe something we could do here is to try to reduce the key, get the
+// class->node mapping, and skip the extraction process if the class corresponds
+// to TNever.
+
+// t1 where t1 = add<union<number, t1>, number>
+
+TEST_SUITE_END();

tests/Fixture.h

@@ -293,3 +293,37 @@ using DifferFixtureWithBuiltins = DifferFixtureGeneric<BuiltinsFixture>;
     } while (false)
 
 #define LUAU_CHECK_NO_ERRORS(result) LUAU_CHECK_ERROR_COUNT(0, result)
+
+#define LUAU_CHECK_HAS_KEY(map, key) \
+    do \
+    { \
+        auto&& _m = (map); \
+        auto&& _k = (key); \
+        const size_t count = _m.count(_k); \
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(count, "Map should have key \"" << _k << "\""); \
+        if (!count) \
+        { \
+            MESSAGE("Keys: (count " << _m.size() << ")"); \
+            for (const auto& [k, v] : _m) \
+            { \
+                MESSAGE("\tkey: " << k); \
+            } \
+        } \
+    } while (false)
+
+#define LUAU_CHECK_HAS_NO_KEY(map, key) \
+    do \
+    { \
+        auto&& _m = (map); \
+        auto&& _k = (key); \
+        const size_t count = _m.count(_k); \
+        CHECK_MESSAGE(!count, "Map should not have key \"" << _k << "\""); \
+        if (count) \
+        { \
+            MESSAGE("Keys: (count " << _m.size() << ")"); \
+            for (const auto& [k, v] : _m) \
+            { \
+                MESSAGE("\tkey: " << k); \
+            } \
+        } \
+    } while (false)

tests/FragmentAutocomplete.test.cpp

@@ -4,19 +4,37 @@
 #include "Fixture.h"
 #include "Luau/Ast.h"
 #include "Luau/AstQuery.h"
+#include "Luau/Autocomplete.h"
+#include "Luau/BuiltinDefinitions.h"
 #include "Luau/Common.h"
 #include "Luau/Frontend.h"
+#include "Luau/AutocompleteTypes.h"
 
 
 using namespace Luau;
 
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauAllowFragmentParsing);
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauStoreDFGOnModule2);
+LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauAutocompleteRefactorsForIncrementalAutocomplete)
 
+static std::optional<AutocompleteEntryMap> nullCallback(std::string tag, std::optional<const ClassType*> ptr, std::optional<std::string> contents)
+{
+    return std::nullopt;
+}
 struct FragmentAutocompleteFixture : Fixture
 {
-    ScopedFastFlag sffs[3] = {{FFlag::LuauAllowFragmentParsing, true}, {FFlag::LuauSolverV2, true}, {FFlag::LuauStoreDFGOnModule2, true}};
+    ScopedFastFlag sffs[4] = {
+        {FFlag::LuauAllowFragmentParsing, true},
+        {FFlag::LuauSolverV2, true},
+        {FFlag::LuauStoreDFGOnModule2, true},
+        {FFlag::LuauAutocompleteRefactorsForIncrementalAutocomplete, true}
+    };
 
+    FragmentAutocompleteFixture()
+    {
+        addGlobalBinding(frontend.globals, "table", Binding{builtinTypes->anyType});
+        addGlobalBinding(frontend.globals, "math", Binding{builtinTypes->anyType});
+    }
     FragmentAutocompleteAncestryResult runAutocompleteVisitor(const std::string& source, const Position& cursorPos)
     {
         ParseResult p = tryParse(source); // We don't care about parsing incomplete asts
@@ -26,7 +44,6 @@ struct FragmentAutocompleteFixture : Fixture
 
     CheckResult checkBase(const std::string& document)
     {
-        ScopedFastFlag sff{FFlag::LuauSolverV2, true};
         FrontendOptions opts;
         opts.retainFullTypeGraphs = true;
         return this->frontend.check("MainModule", opts);
@@ -48,6 +65,16 @@ struct FragmentAutocompleteFixture : Fixture
         options.runLintChecks = false;
         return Luau::typecheckFragment(frontend, "MainModule", cursorPos, options, document);
     }
+
+    FragmentAutocompleteResult autocompleteFragment(const std::string& document, Position cursorPos)
+    {
+        FrontendOptions options;
+        options.retainFullTypeGraphs = true;
+        // Don't strictly need this in the new solver
+        options.forAutocomplete = true;
+        options.runLintChecks = false;
+        return Luau::fragmentAutocomplete(frontend, document, "MainModule", cursorPos, options, nullCallback);
+    }
 };
 
 TEST_SUITE_BEGIN("FragmentAutocompleteTraversalTests");
@@ -172,6 +199,13 @@ TEST_SUITE_END();
 
 TEST_SUITE_BEGIN("FragmentAutocompleteParserTests");
 
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(FragmentAutocompleteFixture, "local_initializer")
+{
+    check("local a =");
+    auto fragment = parseFragment("local a =", Position(0, 10));
+    CHECK_EQ("local a =", fragment.fragmentToParse);
+}
+
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(FragmentAutocompleteFixture, "statement_in_empty_fragment_is_non_null")
 {
     auto res = check(R"(
@@ -278,6 +312,33 @@ local y = 5
     CHECK_EQ("y", std::string(rhs->name.value));
 }
 
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(FragmentAutocompleteFixture, "can_parse_in_correct_scope")
+{
+
+    check(R"(
+        local myLocal = 4
+        function abc()
+             local myInnerLocal = 1
+
+        end
+  )");
+
+    auto fragment = parseFragment(
+        R"(
+        local myLocal = 4
+        function abc()
+             local myInnerLocal = 1
+
+        end
+  )",
+        Position{6, 0}
+    );
+
+
+
+    CHECK_EQ("function abc()\n             local myInnerLocal = 1\n\n        end\n", fragment.fragmentToParse);
+}
+
 TEST_SUITE_END();
 
 TEST_SUITE_BEGIN("FragmentAutocompleteTypeCheckerTests");
@@ -302,7 +363,7 @@ local z = x + y
         Position{3, 15}
     );
 
-    auto opt = linearSearchForBinding(fragment.freshScope, "z");
+    auto opt = linearSearchForBinding(fragment.freshScope.get(), "z");
     REQUIRE(opt);
     CHECK_EQ("number", toString(*opt));
 }
@@ -326,9 +387,222 @@ local y = 5
         Position{2, 11}
     );
 
-    auto correct = linearSearchForBinding(fragment.freshScope, "z");
+    auto correct = linearSearchForBinding(fragment.freshScope.get(), "z");
     REQUIRE(correct);
     CHECK_EQ("number", toString(*correct));
 }
 
 TEST_SUITE_END();
+
+TEST_SUITE_BEGIN("FragmentAutocompleteTests");
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(FragmentAutocompleteFixture, "can_autocomplete_simple_property_access")
+{
+    auto res = check(
+        R"(
+local tbl = { abc = 1234}
+)"
+    );
+
+    LUAU_REQUIRE_NO_ERRORS(res);
+
+    auto fragment = autocompleteFragment(
+        R"(
+local tbl = { abc = 1234}
+tbl. 
+)",
+        Position{2, 5}
+    );
+
+    LUAU_ASSERT(fragment.freshScope);
+
+    CHECK_EQ(1, fragment.acResults.entryMap.size());
+    CHECK(fragment.acResults.entryMap.count("abc"));
+    CHECK_EQ(AutocompleteContext::Property, fragment.acResults.context);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(FragmentAutocompleteFixture, "can_autocomplete_nested_property_access")
+{
+    auto res = check(
+        R"(
+local tbl = { abc = { def = 1234, egh = false } }
+)"
+    );
+
+    LUAU_REQUIRE_NO_ERRORS(res);
+
+    auto fragment = autocompleteFragment(
+        R"(
+local tbl = { abc = { def = 1234, egh = false } }
+tbl.abc.
+)",
+        Position{2, 8}
+    );
+
+    LUAU_ASSERT(fragment.freshScope);
+
+    CHECK_EQ(2, fragment.acResults.entryMap.size());
+    CHECK(fragment.acResults.entryMap.count("def"));
+    CHECK(fragment.acResults.entryMap.count("egh"));
+    CHECK_EQ(fragment.acResults.context, AutocompleteContext::Property);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(FragmentAutocompleteFixture, "inline_autocomplete_picks_the_right_scope")
+{
+    auto res = check(
+        R"(
+type Table = { a: number, b: number }
+do
+    type Table = { x: string, y: string }
+end
+)"
+    );
+
+    LUAU_REQUIRE_NO_ERRORS(res);
+
+    auto fragment = autocompleteFragment(
+        R"(
+type Table = { a: number, b: number }
+do
+    type Table = { x: string, y: string }
+    local a : T
+end
+)",
+        Position{4, 15}
+    );
+
+    LUAU_ASSERT(fragment.freshScope);
+
+    REQUIRE(fragment.acResults.entryMap.count("Table"));
+    REQUIRE(fragment.acResults.entryMap["Table"].type);
+    const TableType* tv = get<TableType>(follow(*fragment.acResults.entryMap["Table"].type));
+    REQUIRE(tv);
+    CHECK(tv->props.count("x"));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(FragmentAutocompleteFixture, "nested_recursive_function")
+{
+    auto res = check(R"(
+function foo()
+end
+)");
+
+    LUAU_REQUIRE_NO_ERRORS(res);
+
+    auto fragment = autocompleteFragment(
+        R"(
+function foo()
+end
+)",
+        Position{2, 0}
+    );
+
+    CHECK(fragment.acResults.entryMap.count("foo"));
+    CHECK_EQ(AutocompleteContext::Statement, fragment.acResults.context);
+}
+
+
+// Start compatibility tests!
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(FragmentAutocompleteFixture, "empty_program")
+{
+    check("");
+
+    auto frag = autocompleteFragment(" ", Position{0, 1});
+    auto ac = frag.acResults;
+    CHECK(ac.entryMap.count("table"));
+    CHECK(ac.entryMap.count("math"));
+    CHECK_EQ(ac.context, AutocompleteContext::Statement);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(FragmentAutocompleteFixture, "local_initializer")
+{
+    check("local a =");
+    auto frag = autocompleteFragment("local a =", Position{0, 9});
+    auto ac = frag.acResults;
+
+    CHECK(ac.entryMap.count("table"));
+    CHECK(ac.entryMap.count("math"));
+    CHECK_EQ(ac.context, AutocompleteContext::Expression);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(FragmentAutocompleteFixture, "leave_numbers_alone")
+{
+    check("local a = 3.");
+
+    auto frag = autocompleteFragment("local a = 3.", Position{0, 12});
+    auto ac = frag.acResults;
+    CHECK(ac.entryMap.empty());
+    CHECK_EQ(ac.context, AutocompleteContext::Unknown);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(FragmentAutocompleteFixture, "user_defined_globals")
+{
+    check("local myLocal = 4; ");
+
+    auto frag = autocompleteFragment("local myLocal = 4; ", Position{0, 18});
+    auto ac = frag.acResults;
+
+    CHECK(ac.entryMap.count("myLocal"));
+    CHECK(ac.entryMap.count("table"));
+    CHECK(ac.entryMap.count("math"));
+    CHECK_EQ(ac.context, AutocompleteContext::Statement);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(FragmentAutocompleteFixture, "dont_suggest_local_before_its_definition")
+{
+    check(R"(
+        local myLocal = 4
+        function abc()
+             local myInnerLocal = 1
+
+        end
+    )");
+
+    // autocomplete after abc but before myInnerLocal
+    auto fragment = autocompleteFragment(
+        R"(
+        local myLocal = 4
+        function abc()
+             local myInnerLocal = 1
+
+        end
+)",
+        Position{3, 0}
+    );
+    auto ac = fragment.acResults;
+    CHECK(ac.entryMap.count("myLocal"));
+    LUAU_CHECK_HAS_NO_KEY(ac.entryMap, "myInnerLocal");
+
+    // autocomplete after my inner local
+    fragment = autocompleteFragment(
+        R"(
+        local myLocal = 4
+        function abc()
+             local myInnerLocal = 1
+
+        end
+ )",
+        Position{4, 0}
+    );
+    ac = fragment.acResults;
+    CHECK(ac.entryMap.count("myLocal"));
+    CHECK(ac.entryMap.count("myInnerLocal"));
+
+    fragment = autocompleteFragment(
+        R"(
+        local myLocal = 4
+        function abc()
+             local myInnerLocal = 1
+
+        end
+  )",
+        Position{6, 0}
+    );
+
+    ac = fragment.acResults;
+    CHECK(ac.entryMap.count("myLocal"));
+    LUAU_CHECK_HAS_NO_KEY(ac.entryMap, "myInnerLocal");
+}
+
+TEST_SUITE_END();

tests/Parser.test.cpp

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ LUAU_FASTINT(LuauParseErrorLimit)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauSolverV2)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauAttributeSyntaxFunExpr)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauUserDefinedTypeFunctionsSyntax2)
+LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauUserDefinedTypeFunParseExport)
 
 namespace
 {
@@ -2377,10 +2378,15 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "invalid_type_forms")
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "parse_user_defined_type_functions")
 {
     ScopedFastFlag sff{FFlag::LuauUserDefinedTypeFunctionsSyntax2, true};
+    ScopedFastFlag sff2{FFlag::LuauUserDefinedTypeFunParseExport, true};
 
     AstStat* stat = parse(R"(
         type function foo()
-            return
+            return types.number
+        end
+
+        export type function bar()
+            return types.string
         end
     )");
 
@@ -2417,7 +2423,6 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "invalid_user_defined_type_functions")
 {
     ScopedFastFlag sff{FFlag::LuauUserDefinedTypeFunctionsSyntax2, true};
 
-    matchParseError("export type function foo() end", "Type function cannot be exported");
     matchParseError("local foo = 1; type function bar() print(foo) end", "Type function cannot reference outer local 'foo'");
     matchParseError("type function foo() local v1 = 1; type function bar() print(v1) end end", "Type function cannot reference outer local 'v1'");
 }

tests/RequireByString.test.cpp

@@ -424,6 +424,13 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ReplWithPathFixture, "RequireUnprefixedPath")
     assertOutputContainsAll({"false", "require path must start with a valid prefix: ./, ../, or @"});
 }
 
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ReplWithPathFixture, "RequirePathWithExtension")
+{
+    std::string path = getLuauDirectory(PathType::Relative) + "/tests/require/without_config/dependency.luau";
+    runProtectedRequire(path);
+    assertOutputContainsAll({"false", "error requiring module: consider removing the file extension"});
+}
+
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(ReplWithPathFixture, "RequirePathWithAlias")
 {
     std::string path = getLuauDirectory(PathType::Relative) + "/tests/require/with_config/src/alias_requirer";

tests/ToString.test.cpp

@@ -964,6 +964,7 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "correct_stringification_user_defined_type_functions"
         std::vector<TypeId>{builtinTypes->numberType}, // Type Function Arguments
         {},
         {AstName{"woohoo"}}, // Type Function Name
+        {},
     };
 
     Type tv{tftt};

tests/TypeFunction.user.test.cpp

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauUserTypeFunFixNoReadWrite)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauUserTypeFunFixMetatable)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauUserDefinedTypeFunctionResetState)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauUserTypeFunNonstrict)
+LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauUserTypeFunExportedAndLocal)
+LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauUserDefinedTypeFunParseExport)
 
 TEST_SUITE_BEGIN("UserDefinedTypeFunctionTests");
 
@@ -1298,4 +1300,92 @@ local a: foo<> = "a"
     LUAU_REQUIRE_NO_ERRORS(result);
 }
 
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "implicit_export")
+{
+    ScopedFastFlag newSolver{FFlag::LuauSolverV2, true};
+    ScopedFastFlag udtfSyntax{FFlag::LuauUserDefinedTypeFunctionsSyntax2, true};
+    ScopedFastFlag udtf{FFlag::LuauUserDefinedTypeFunctions2, true};
+    ScopedFastFlag luauUserTypeFunFixRegister{FFlag::LuauUserTypeFunFixRegister, true};
+    ScopedFastFlag luauUserTypeFunExportedAndLocal{FFlag::LuauUserTypeFunExportedAndLocal, true};
+
+    fileResolver.source["game/A"] = R"(
+type function concat(a, b)
+    return types.singleton(a:value() .. b:value())
+end
+export type Concat<T, U> = concat<T, U>
+local a: concat<'first', 'second'>
+return {}
+    )";
+
+    CheckResult aResult = frontend.check("game/A");
+    LUAU_REQUIRE_NO_ERRORS(aResult);
+
+    CHECK(toString(requireType("game/A", "a")) == R"("firstsecond")");
+
+    CheckResult bResult = check(R"(
+local Test = require(game.A);
+local b: Test.Concat<'third', 'fourth'>
+    )");
+    LUAU_REQUIRE_NO_ERRORS(bResult);
+
+    CHECK(toString(requireType("b")) == R"("thirdfourth")");
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "local_scope")
+{
+    ScopedFastFlag newSolver{FFlag::LuauSolverV2, true};
+    ScopedFastFlag udtfSyntax{FFlag::LuauUserDefinedTypeFunctionsSyntax2, true};
+    ScopedFastFlag udtf{FFlag::LuauUserDefinedTypeFunctions2, true};
+    ScopedFastFlag luauUserTypeFunFixRegister{FFlag::LuauUserTypeFunFixRegister, true};
+    ScopedFastFlag luauUserTypeFunExportedAndLocal{FFlag::LuauUserTypeFunExportedAndLocal, true};
+
+    CheckResult result = check(R"(
+type function foo()
+    return "hi"
+end
+local function test()
+    type function bar()
+        return types.singleton(foo())
+    end
+
+    return ("" :: any) :: bar<>
+end
+local a = test()
+    )");
+    LUAU_REQUIRE_NO_ERRORS(result);
+
+    CHECK(toString(requireType("a")) == R"("hi")");
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "explicit_export")
+{
+    ScopedFastFlag newSolver{FFlag::LuauSolverV2, true};
+    ScopedFastFlag udtfSyntax{FFlag::LuauUserDefinedTypeFunctionsSyntax2, true};
+    ScopedFastFlag udtf{FFlag::LuauUserDefinedTypeFunctions2, true};
+    ScopedFastFlag luauUserTypeFunFixRegister{FFlag::LuauUserTypeFunFixRegister, true};
+    ScopedFastFlag luauUserTypeFunExportedAndLocal{FFlag::LuauUserTypeFunExportedAndLocal, true};
+    ScopedFastFlag luauUserDefinedTypeFunParseExport{FFlag::LuauUserDefinedTypeFunParseExport, true};
+
+    fileResolver.source["game/A"] = R"(
+export type function concat(a, b)
+    return types.singleton(a:value() .. b:value())
+end
+local a: concat<'first', 'second'>
+return {}
+    )";
+
+    CheckResult aResult = frontend.check("game/A");
+    LUAU_REQUIRE_NO_ERRORS(aResult);
+
+    CHECK(toString(requireType("game/A", "a")) == R"("firstsecond")");
+
+    CheckResult bResult = check(R"(
+local Test = require(game.A);
+local b: Test.concat<'third', 'fourth'>
+    )");
+    LUAU_REQUIRE_NO_ERRORS(bResult);
+
+    CHECK(toString(requireType("b")) == R"("thirdfourth")");
+}
+
 TEST_SUITE_END();

tests/TypeInfer.functions.test.cpp

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauInstantiateInSubtyping)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauSolverV2)
 LUAU_FASTINT(LuauTarjanChildLimit)
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauRetrySubtypingWithoutHiddenPack)
+LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauDontRefCountTypesInTypeFunctions)
 
 TEST_SUITE_BEGIN("TypeInferFunctions");
 
@@ -681,6 +682,11 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "infer_higher_order_function")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "higher_order_function_2")
 {
+    // CLI-114134: this code *probably* wants the egraph in order
+    // to work properly. The new solver either falls over or
+    // forces so many constraints as to be unreliable.
+    DOES_NOT_PASS_NEW_SOLVER_GUARD();
+
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
         function bottomupmerge(comp, a, b, left, mid, right)
             local i, j = left, mid
@@ -743,6 +749,11 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "higher_order_function_3")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "higher_order_function_4")
 {
+    // CLI-114134: this code *probably* wants the egraph in order
+    // to work properly. The new solver either falls over or
+    // forces so many constraints as to be unreliable.
+    DOES_NOT_PASS_NEW_SOLVER_GUARD();
+
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
         function bottomupmerge(comp, a, b, left, mid, right)
             local i, j = left, mid
@@ -2554,8 +2565,17 @@ end
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "tf_suggest_return_type")
 {
-    if (!FFlag::LuauSolverV2)
+    ScopedFastFlag sffs[] = {
-        return;
+        {FFlag::LuauSolverV2, true},
+        {FFlag::LuauDontRefCountTypesInTypeFunctions, true}
+    };
+
+    // CLI-114134: This test:
+    // a) Has a kind of weird result (suggesting `number | false` is not great);
+    // b) Is force solving some constraints.
+    // We end up with a weird recursive type that, if you roughly look at it, is
+    // clearly `number`. Hopefully the egraph will be able to unfold this.
+
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
 function fib(n)
     return n < 2 and 1 or fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)
@@ -2565,9 +2585,7 @@ end
     LUAU_REQUIRE_ERRORS(result);
     auto err = get<ExplicitFunctionAnnotationRecommended>(result.errors.back());
     LUAU_ASSERT(err);
-    CHECK("number" == toString(err->recommendedReturn));
+    CHECK("false | number" == toString(err->recommendedReturn));
-    REQUIRE(1 == err->recommendedArgs.size());
-    CHECK("number" == toString(err->recommendedArgs[0].second));
 }
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(BuiltinsFixture, "tf_suggest_arg_type")
@@ -2862,6 +2880,8 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "fuzzer_missing_follow_in_ast_stat_fun")
 
 TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "unifier_should_not_bind_free_types")
 {
+    ScopedFastFlag _{FFlag::LuauDontRefCountTypesInTypeFunctions, true};
+
     CheckResult result = check(R"(
         function foo(player)
             local success,result = player:thing()
@@ -2889,7 +2909,7 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "unifier_should_not_bind_free_types")
         auto tm2 = get<TypePackMismatch>(result.errors[1]);
         REQUIRE(tm2);
         CHECK(toString(tm2->wantedTp) == "string");
-        CHECK(toString(tm2->givenTp) == "buffer | class | function | number | string | table | thread | true");
+        CHECK(toString(tm2->givenTp) == "(buffer | class | function | number | string | table | thread | true) & unknown");
     }
     else
     {

tests/TypeInfer.test.cpp

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ LUAU_FASTINT(LuauNormalizeCacheLimit);
 LUAU_FASTINT(LuauRecursionLimit);
 LUAU_FASTINT(LuauTypeInferRecursionLimit);
 LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauNewSolverVisitErrorExprLvalues)
+LUAU_FASTFLAG(LuauDontRefCountTypesInTypeFunctions)
 
 using namespace Luau;
 
@@ -1730,4 +1731,36 @@ TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "visit_error_nodes_in_lvalue")
     )"));
 }
 
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "avoid_blocking_type_function")
+{
+    ScopedFastFlag sffs[] = {
+        {FFlag::LuauSolverV2, true},
+        {FFlag::LuauDontRefCountTypesInTypeFunctions, true}
+    };
+
+    LUAU_CHECK_NO_ERRORS(check(R"(
+        --!strict
+        local function foo(a : string?)
+            local b = a or ""
+            return b:upper()
+        end
+    )"));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(Fixture, "avoid_double_reference_to_free_type")
+{
+    ScopedFastFlag sffs[] = {
+        {FFlag::LuauSolverV2, true},
+        {FFlag::LuauDontRefCountTypesInTypeFunctions, true}
+    };
+
+    LUAU_CHECK_NO_ERRORS(check(R"(
+        --!strict
+        local function wtf(name: string?)
+            local message
+            message = "invalid alternate fiber: " .. (name or "UNNAMED alternate")
+        end
+    )"));
+}
+
 TEST_SUITE_END();